Since high frequency noise has been mentioned when discussing a VFD tripping a GFCI…… perhaps using a down stream receptacle protected by an upstream GFCI performs differently than plugging directly into the GFCI.
Maybe the additional cable between receptacles attenuates some HF noise.
Just a...
On GJ, you will get comments that "this is an old thread" quite often. Sometimes folks will advise you to start a new thread if there is a new problem to solve. There seems to be distaste for waking up zombie threads.
YMMV
What brand and model meter are you using? There is always a good explanation for what you are observing but more detail is needed.
Ultimately you would be better served by making the proper connections. The details about what you are observing are many and require some level of technical...
Go to google or GJ and read up on what happens when you have an open neutral on your house. That’s what’s going on in your spider box.
On your 120V receptacles you have the possibility of 240V appearing on them. Without a neutral, your 120v loads are placed in series and they can receive...
Post a photo of the terminal block in the oven. It should be easy to find the N-G bond.
But keep in mind your welder receptacle probably lacks a neutral wire. Be sure to check. What type receptacle is installed? 10-30? 6-30?
Let’s not forget the difference between a welder receptacle for 240V with L-L-G. And an oven 120/240 receptacle with L-L-N and no ground. Both use 3 wires and serve different purposes.
Which type of receptacle do you have? Sounds like L-L-G. So that’s not 120/240 as your oven requires...