Not really a ratchet, but it achieves the same purpose:
APCO Mossberg, maybe WWII vintage? It cam on this APCO Mossberg TW:
Which is the only example I've even found pictures of without a WWII military # on it.
Anyhow, the adapter locks when you push in and is spring-loaded to freewheel when you let go.
Not exactly what you all call "vintage", but 80s-90s and a ratchetless ratchet:
T&E, I think they called this the "Infinity" drive. Push-through. No longer listed on their website, and I had no reply to my email about rebuild kits.
Duro-Chrome (?) refrigeration set:
Some Hinsdale and Bonney sockets and the box it came in.
Not terribly weird, but cool:
1/2".