There has already been a post of a circuit that "fakes" the photo eye sensors. Because I'm the electrical engineer type, I've researched how they work as well. Let me first say that I believe interfering with natural selection is a bad idea for the human race. That said I've also upon occasion, mounted these sensors facing each other near the opener.
I researched how they work, and could find little info online, so I just reverse engineered them. I was trying to do the opposite of the original poster, by trying to retrofit photo eyes to a commercial garage door that didn't support them. Not for protecting me or kids because any kid should NEVER be left unsupervised in a shop full of power tools and sharp objects, but for protecting a vehicle from being dented if I didn't pull in far enough.
Anyhow, These sensors are quite cunning. IF you short the wires, the door opens. If you disconnect them, the door opens. There are only 2 wires and both the transmitter and sensor connect to the two wires in parallel. The polarity of the wires doesn't even matter in most cases.
The transmitter uses power supplied on the wires to shine light to the receiver. The receiver also uses power on these wires to senses the light beam. When it senses the light beam it transmits pulse train data back to the opener. The receiver generates this pulse train data by shorting the two power wires together, essentially shorting it's own power supply. Both the transmitter and receiver have the ability to "ride through" this temporary power loss. The door opener looks for this pulse train and if it is missing, reverses the door and opens it. Thus whether you short or disconnect the wires, the pulse train will be gone and the door won't close.
Different manufacturers use different pulse train frequencies, so you would have to know what the specific frequency was in order to fake the signal.
What I did was to buy a set of replacement sensors and design a simple circuit utilizing a tiny $2.00 microcontroller to supply power to the transmitter and monitor the pulse train of the receiver. When the pulse train was lost, (sensors blocked) the circuit closes a relay and reverses the garage door opener. Now I have a commercial garage door opener (which initially didn't support sensors) that utilizes the new style sensors.