First I want to say thank you very much for the in depth response! I guess I should have started off by explaining my situation. I have a single car garage 10' x 19' with a 8' x 8' workshop.
Do I correctly gather from your various comments that the garage and the workshop are two separate spaces, possibly NOT in close proximity?
The picture that I posted is in the workshop part of my garage. If you follow this link in my signature it will explain a bit more about my garage and what I do.
I might get to that later; right now, I'm trying to finish up this GJ "pass" and get some sleep.
I know I didn't really think that through fully when I started to do the 10 gauge wire. I really should have run 12 gauge and called it a day, but that's when I started thinking about 220V and doing the sub panel.
OK... Then as long as you're willing to rip all that out and start over -- which I REALLY think you ought to -- then go for at least one generously sized sub-panel, and be done with it. The reason I said "at least one" is, if the garage and workshop are indeed two completely separate spaces, it MIGHT be best to put a separate sub-panel in each.
I am a track weekend warrior and do all the work on my own cars. I have also started to do a bunch of fabrication and do some woodworking on the side. I know this is quite the requirement for a single car garage but I'm trying to make it all work because me and my wife love the house and neighborhood. So anyway here are my immediate requirements. I have a Challenger LFMR6 scissor lift with a 1hp 115V, I just bought a 9" South Bend Lathe that has had the motor swapped to a 1 hp 110V, I have a Blast cabinet (not sure of the requirements but it has a large fan built in it is also 110), I have a small 110V oven that I use for powder coating, I just got a 75000 btu Modine Natural Gas Heater that has a 115V fan motor (over kill...YES). For the future I know that I can't fit that much more in my garage but I was hoping to pick up a bench mill or a Linley Jig Bore, the one's that I have been looking at are all 110V, then there will also be the occasional 14" Dewalt Chop saw, mitre saws, tables saw, etc. etc. I also run air tools, but my compressor is in the basement and is only 110V, that for sure one day I would like to have a 6.5 hp 80 gallon monster! I know that it is a small space but I love to do work!
OK, I'll leave most of that to folks who are more familiar with those particular tools. But it's clear that MOST of them are 120V, as opposed to the 240V one might "normally" expect for fixed equipment. That is a two-edged sword. Each of those devices will draw approximately twice the current at 120V as they (or an otherwise equivalent device) would at 240V. That in turn ups the wire sizes needed to feed each device; and if the runs are long, it makes voltage drop a bigger issue, sooner.
It is an attached garage. I think that the sub panel would be the way to go that way all the circuits in the garage can be controlled by that sub panel. My current plans are to have 4-5 separate circuits.
I don't think that's nearly enough. Given the "laundry list" of rather heavy-duty 120V tools (many/most of them motor-driven) you described above, it is not unreasonable to assume a dedicated circuit for each of them, even if you MIGHT be able to "double up" (or even "triple up") some of them in a pinch.
In addition...
1 20A for the receptacles in the workshop. Which would include the heater and blast cabinet or lathe or jog bore or anything I plugged in. I don't see myself running a bunch of equipment at one time in there although it could happen.
Figure AT LEAST two 20A circuits for your general-purpose 120V outlets, plus additional dedicated circuits for any particularly power-hungry semi-permanent machines. I normally recommend double-gang boxes spaced around the work area at 6-8 foot intervals, with the two duplexes in each of those boxes fed from a different circuit. That puts BOTH 20A circuits within easy reach, no matter where you're working. In a shop as small as yours, one box centered on each wall, plus a couple more in the immediate vicinity of your workbench, will likely suffice. The heater should get its own circuit on general principles, even tho' it probably doesn't draw all that much; it definitely ought to have a dedicated emergency shut-off switch. The blast cabinet may or may not need a dedicated circuit, depending on its draw.
1 20A for all the receptacles on the garage side. Including the garage door opener, TV (hopefully), ceiling fan, computer, running hand tool, etc.
The same approach applies here: Two 20A circuits just for the "general purpose" outlets. The GDO(s) should NOT be on these same circuits. Ideally, it/they should have a dedicated circuit, with the GDO hardwired to an adjacent junction box so that you don't need to use GFCI protection (with which motor loads sometimes balk at, and vice versa).
1 to 2 depending on what I need, 15A circuit for lighting, which will most likely be 2-3 exterior fixtures and 3 to 5 interior fluorescent fixture.
Two 15A circuits for the lighting, at minimum. Part of the reason for this is to ensure that you won't be left completely in the dark if one breaker trips (or must be shut down for maintenance). You MIGHT be OK combining the shop & garage for this purpose; but it's likely better to keep them segregated. The exterior lights can be tacked on to either, as long as they aren't huge loads.
1 220V for a compressor in the basement
OK, but that circuit will need to be PROPERLY sized for the particular compressor you choose.
1 220V for a welder in the garage
Ditto.
The wish list is endless! Realistically speaking, I think I pretty well stated what I think I am going to have in the garage eventually above. Thankfully I am very limited with space so I really have thought through the equipment that I would like to have in there, really utilizing the space!
Roger that. But even so, NOW (or rather, while you have the walls open) is the time to make provision for EVERYTHING which you can reasonably foresee adding over the next few years.
As far as current set up for electrical. I have 100 amp service. I figured I could just post a picture to make it easier.
Main panel is full a bunch of space on the sub panel! Sorry about the crappy phone pic!
Wow.
Now THAT might be a problem -- or at the least, it is just
begging to be cleaned up, big time!
With all the "stuff" you plan to install, 100A is not all that much to run it PLUS the whole house. You might consider contacting your local PoCo, to see what it would take for them to upgrade your service to ~200A. Odds are they won't blink, as 200A is pretty much considered "normal default" these days; but you will need to hire a contractor to do all the stuff downstream of the meter pan, and provide (i.e., "pay for") the parts/materials for the new meter pan, panel, & misc. parts.
I'd then consider converting that near-empty "sub-panel" to your main service panel, presuming it is suitable for such use (it appears to have a space for a "Main" breaker; so there is a good chance this will work), and dumping the old "main" panel entirely. Yes, this would be a bit of an investment. But it would provide you with a much better "base" for the rest of your plans, AND help ensure years/decades of trouble-free service. If you're really planning to stay in that house indefinitely, it would be worth it.
