Calibration Standards
Calibration is the process of testing an instrument’s accuracy against known standards.
There are three types of standards used in tool calibration and control systems, namely:
- Primary Standards: High quality and stability units or instruments that are regularly calibrated by the US governing agency National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or by third-party accredited calibration services that have direct traceability to NIST. Primary Standards must be used in a controlled environment.
- Transfer Standards: Instruments or tools with proven stability are calibrated internally by transfer standards from primary standards. Usually, calibration happens in external laboratories under controlled environment conditions. The internal calibration procedures are documented and validated within the quality control system.
- Working Standards: Instruments or equipment with proven stability that are calibrated from transfer standards.
The standards work in sequence. Working standards serve to measure product and process quality, while transfer standards help to calibrate the working standards. Primary standards, on the other hand, are kept at NIST or calibration labs that hold a NIST certification. However, all standards must be traceable to NIST.