I am continuously amazed by what can be learned/learnt on this site.
I would have guessed it was some special-purpose component to a lathe. What a great site!
"Stumped", I grew up hearing and using in the context of guessing games (20 questions, riddles, etc) specifically describing the condition of being unable to guess the answer, nor being able to think of another question. No one I knew ever betrayed any knowledge it was derived from cricket. I imagined a simpler metaphor of being stranded atop the stump of a tree (common enough where I grew up), unable to ascend to further height. (Probably influenced by "treed", as "the dogs treed a raccoon, cat, 'possum, etc.)
Checking Trickypedia, it seems the game of cricket would have been familiar enough to English-speaking American colonists, and the use of "stumped" in the given sense could have persisted, even as immigrants from other cultures and the emergence of other games left us without a memory of its origin.
Similarly, British nautical terms persist in American English, despite most speakers not recognizing them as such. (Like "stranded" as used above. Or "taken aback", "three sheets to the wind", "throw me a line", etc.)
