We always put the conduits at least a couple inches down into the dirt or gravel below the concrete.
We've seen too many cut through conduits when someone comes in and sawcuts the slab for one reason or another.
In some instances when it just isn't possible to get it down below the concrete level, we cut short pieces of 1/2" emt, maybe 18" or so, stick it into the hitch of pickup and bend it into the shape of a big staple. I like emt better than rebar because it's easier to bend, and when it's bent into a staple shape, it gives you a nice flat surface across the top thats easier to drive into the ground with a baby sledge versus the curved shape you usually get with rebar.
It also works well to hold groups of conduit because you can make it as wide as you need.