I'm not sure it's required by code, but every condensate pan I've seen (in both Texas and Virginia) has had two condensate pan drains. The primary has a linear trap and it drains into a soil stack or the rain gutter, and the secondary is a straight pipe that drains out onto the sidewalk or driveway where it's visible.
If the primary drain is working and open it just drains and you never see the water. If the primary plugs up, the secondary will start to drain and it runs out onto the driveway or sidewalk where it's visible. That is your clue to know the primary is plugged.
My current A/C unit also has a water sensor alarm inside the pan and its just above the level of the hole for condensate drain. If the drain pan begins to fill too much it will cut off the power to the A/C unit (IIIRC it connects into the thermostat wiring), and also sound an alarm. The alarm is pretty wimpy, so I doubt I would hear it buzzing in the attic, but it might be effective if it was inside the house.