I work for a power company at an energy education center and this is what I do.
Depending on the state, there are a number of residential and commercial programs.
The money used for these programs are payed for with fees collected in your energy rate. So you taking advantage of this is like getting a little of your own money back.
Why do the utilities do this? Well as said because we are told to do this.
Why are we told to do this? Well that generally comes from goals or mandates for reducing pollution, reducing carbon footprint (the big thing now), but there can be other reasons as well.
What are the other reasons? Well there could be extra load/stress on the grid in certain areas, there could be power plants that have been shut down due to being too dirty, buisness retention, and there are always many political reasons...etc. so if we need the general populous to reduce energy load on the grid a little then we can generally do that with rebates on EE (energy efficient) items that can be installed or through training.
You asked why they were not doing this 20 years ago? Well in CA we have been doing this for 35 plus years. In other more populated states they have been doing this for a long time. And in some stated they have been doing this for less than 10 years or are just getting started now. Perhaps there have been commercial or industrial programs that have been in place for years and they are just starting this on the residential side.
Is it a good thing or a foil hat conspiracy?
Overall it is a good thing. They don’t always get it right and sometimes when we are told to push is more political that a true scientific/buisness good thing. But overall like I said it is a good thing.
In the USA we use more energy per person than anywhere else on the planet, we use over two times per person what people in Europe do and over 4 times what people in Japan do.
A little thinning down is a good thing.
In my house, during the summer when I have to run the AC. I still keep my electric bills under $100 a month. This is for a 1900 sq ft house. For a house in a hot area of CA that is a great bill. Most of why is from what I have learned in this job.
So what are some of the bad things that have happened from these programs?
Well this is just opinion but....
The way they have run the promotion on solar I think have over benefited the folks with the money. Also they pushed solar too hard. So hard there in some ways is too much solar and not always in the right area. This is now causing a different kind of stress on the grid that is having to be dealt with.
Green rate, they made a ‘green rate’ on electricity. If you sign up for the green rate we charge you more for using the more ego friendly electricity. Sure, right....like the electrons know the difference. This was just a political BS thing so someone can claim they did something and a company that opt to pay for this can claim they are using green energy without actually doing anything else...like say reducing their energy use....mmmmm
I can go on and on....but don’t want to over bore you guys