If your Delta drill press has a 2.75" diameter column, look for a Sears Craftsman column from a 100/150 floor drill press. They were 6" or so taller than the 1950's vintage Delta drill press columns.
Craftsman 100/150 floor drill press columns are only 2-1/2" taller than older Delta columns (62-1/2" to 60").
If that's not enough of an increase, you'd have to go to a post-1968 Craftsman drill press to get a taller-yet column, but one issue with those later taller Craftsman columns is that they often have a pretty rough finish and can be a couple of thousandths smaller in diameter than the older columns. Not saying it won't work, just that it may be an issue.
The solution we used at work to raise the working height was to add a 12" high base made from steel plate and channel iron, but that won't get you the added capacity you're looking for between the spindle and the base.
I've seen several examples where people have lengthened original columns by cutting another column to the desired increase in height, making a plug to align the two sections, then welding the sections together and grinding the weld smooth.