I was awarded a joint patent with a friend about 3 years ago. It is not a quick or inexpensive process. As someone else said, if not worded correctly, it's worthless.
I happened to know a business owner who was fairly familiar with patent protection, acquisition and licensing. He put us in touch with a patent attorney who redirected us to another attorney. Ideally, you need a patent attorney who understands the field you are pursuing. Your attorney may recommend a draftsman, engineer, and any other number of professionals.
Our attorney first did a prior arts discovery. At least I think that's what he called it. Basically, he researched to determine if he thought the application process was worth pursuing. I think this included a search of existing patents, pending patents, and patent applications. I cannot recall exactly.
Once he determined it was worthwhile, we had to further refine written descriptions, drawings, pictures, etc. It was quite a bit of work. He put it all together and submitted it.
It goes through several steps with the USPTO. Fortunately, he handled it all for us. Best I can recall, it took about 3 years and $10,000. I can't remember the odds of being awarded a patent, but as I recall, it wasn't that good. Even worse is the number of patents that become economically viable.
But, if you think it's worth pursuing, then do it. As I found out, you're stepping into the big boy leagues. I've met a lot of other people since in our pursuit of bringing our idea to market. Everyone of them is committed fairly heavily. What I've found out is that those who are successful jump in with both feet. Unfortunately, a lot of those who are unsuccessful jump in with both feet as well. I've yet to meet anyone who has been successful who just dipped a toe in the water. Count us in the too early to determine category. Either way, it's been a great learning experience.