Personally, I would not do this, and I tend to be more willing to use power to sharpen than many purists.
Even with the table saw arbor cranked all the way up, the grit is running at an angle to the chisel instead of straight up and down.
Second, you'd want an awfully fine sandpaper / grit on your makeshift tablesaw sander.
Third, some of the grinding grit will end up in your nice tablesaw. I have a lot of machine tools that have been near sanders and grinders... grit gets in every bearing and takes forever to clean so I would never do this (even in small amounts) to a woodworking machine.
Third, table saws run
fast compared to what you'd want for grinding a chisel. Fast means heat, which means messing up the nice temper on your chisel and ending up with annealed soft steel junk for a chisel iron.
A chisel is so easy to sharpen with a $10 whetstone... why do it the wrong way?
If you want to do a better job than freehand, then get one of these veritas jigs (or the $15 knockoffs), and either a flat surface with some wet-or-dry sandpaper or a decent norton whetstone:
https://www.sharpeningsupplies.com/...3eNFoSPjFw3VYea-3Wdcs2qm2fG88HkBoC5KcQAvD_BwE
If you have a belt grinder, then that's a different story.
My guess is the reason your method works on saw blades is that, if a saw blade is a bit dull, just exposing a tiny bit of fresh metal on each point makes it cut a ton better. For a chisel, this is not good enough -- you want the right angle and you want the blade honed pretty smooth and square.
