Lithium batteries require circuitry to turn off the battery when they reach a certain discharge point. That's why lithium tools don't seem to run down, they kinda just suddenly quit. That is the circuitry turning the battery off.
If lithium cells discharge too far the chemistry becomes unstable. Copper shunts form inside the cells and can short them out. Charging a lithium pack that's been run down beyond the safe limit can be kinda dangerous. That's why the charger will refuse to charge some batteries. If they get stored in a run down state they can continue to discharge below the safe threshold. When a charge is introduced to shorted cells, the cells can almost spontaneously burst into flame and it can pack a pretty good punch with a big battery like that.
The older 18v lithium packs had the control circuitry on board each battery. These were made as a retrofit, to use lithium on nicad tools. They also require a different charger to charge the lithium cells. The 20v line is designed from the ground up to be lithium power so the the control circuitry is instead located on each tool (or the adapter). This makes the batteries a bit cheaper to manufacture.
The 18v lithium batteries were expensive and low amp hour by today's standard. Friend had a bunch of them for his construction biz and they worked OK, no comparison to these modern 20v packs though. My drill was failing and was down to one good battery so I bought a 20v drill/impact kit. It was so much better I pretty much made the decision to abandon the old tools that day.
Amazon has genuine dewalt 18v two packs for $110.