Initial thought is that it sure looks like hard water deposits. I deal with that issue.
After thinking about it though, the stuff in pipes is typically super hard from slow layer build up.
You mention that the garage and laundry run through the line. Are they both before the trap in the picture?
There is a lot of potential for gunk from garage and laundry. It's tempting to rinse and clean all the project tools etc in the sink. The debris can add up. I've seen grout and sheet rock mud that looks similar to those chunks. Also, some cleaners have pumice and or grit. That stuff can settle and build up over time.
@mike93lx , bring up a good point about pitch. If water slows and sits, that is where any of the above mentioned debris will accumulate. An area to look is a potential spot downstream that is slowing or stopping the flow?
It could be further downstream than you think. I had a line chunk up and the partial block was tree roots seventy feet downstream in the main line. That one took me awhile to figure out. I snaked the drain and lines I pulled out chunks and gunk and things seemed to flow good. Weeks later I was on a project where I ran a lot of water. Turned out that I was just filling the pipe with water most of the time and it slowly emptied before I ran water again. Dishwasher, washing machine, showers, and other basic stuff didn't run enough water to fill the entire pipe.
@mrvm , All the holiday stuff may have run excessive water. It might be worth testing the main line theory now that you have snaked the obvious blocked sections. Turn on the water and let it run. Main lines can hold a lot of water.