The subject is all about being Fail-Safe.
What all these different Plugs and Receptacles and Circuit Breaker are doing is protecting the wiring in the wall, the device being plugged in and the user from fire or electrocution. Same as when you build a new shop or house. The code, the city, the city inspector, the electrician are all doing their part to make sure that you are safe and the next guy who buys your house
When you have a device or appliance that requires more than 15 amps you should have a 20 amp plug on the cord.
Let’s say you have an 18 amp load with a 20 amp plug and you try to plug it into a 15 amp receptacle it will not go in the receptacle. The arrangement protected you and the building.
Let’s say you have a 12 amp load with a 15 amp plug and you plug it into a 15 amp receptacle, everything is safe.
Now let’s say the 12 amp load with the 15 amp plug into a 15 amp receptacle and the load jumps to 25 amps, the breaker should open and protect you, the load, and the wiring in the wall.
There should always be a device protecting the wiring down-stream.
Two other devices protect you and your house in different ways.
A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) Breaker or Receptacle protects you from being electrocuted or from you being a ground path for a circuit.
An Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) Breaker protects your house from a fire. AN example of what it can do is: It can detect an arc within a faulty lamp cords where the conductor has broken down and as the conductor degrades heat is generated because there are fewer strands of wire carrying the current and it heats up like a heating element in a toaster. When it has degraded to the point that it starts to arc inside the cord, the AFCI will trip.