Cool test. I've got one going myself...
I took a 10" x 40" piece of new 18ga sheet metal. I scuffed it down and let it sit outside my shop for about 3 months. It got an even amount of surface rust on both sides. I sanded down one side with the DA and removed all of the surface rust. So now I have a perfectly clean side and a side with surface rust.
I then taped off sections and applied various types of coatings to each side. POR-15, KBS Coatings, Rust Bullet, Eastwood Rust. I also have a section of just gray automotive primer, a section of primer with gloss black PPG automotive paint, and a section of primer, paint, and Herculiner on top. And finally a section that remains bare metal on both sides. Not a single fingerprint was left on the panel before coating, or after coating.
All coatings were applied within 2 days of eachother in 75F temps. All were applied following manufacturers instructions. The coated panel was then allowed to cure, then was transported to my ranch in South Texas where it was hung off a deer blind by a piece of cable so that it moves in the wind and both sides are exposed to sunlight and the elements. It has been a little over a year since it was hung up. When my dad or one of my brothers goes to the ranch (about once a month) they snap a photo of each side. I am going to give it 2 full years before I remove it, and share the results with everyone else.
The location is deep in the brush country of South Texas. Close enough to the gulf to get the moist air, high winds, a range of temperatures from the mid teens to over 110F, and all forms of the elements.
When the time comes to take it down, I plan to set up a website showing the photos of the process of application, the monthly progress photos, and the final results. I think this can really help clear the air about what works best. I'm personally a fan of POR-15 and KBS Coatings...but we'll see how they stack up against several other methods.