It seems to me that, when you do the math carefully, it is an absolute no brainer to do the primer coat. The vast majority of the cost and time of installing an epoxy floor is preparing: doing the research, choosing and buying supplies (not just the epoxy but the roller covers, squeegees, rags, flakes, spiked shoes, buckets, drill mixers,...), getting everything out of the garage, getting the floor properly cleaned, ground/etched/shotblasted, making sure the surface is dry, taping off any boundaries, and acquiring helper(s).
Once you have done all of this stuff, the "real work" is basically done. I don't really understand how you would get to that point, having already done all of the difficult stuff, and decide to not prime in order to save a relatively small amount of time and a relatively small amount of money. These floors can be amazing, durable, and long lasting when everything goes right -- so if I'm installing one, I'm going to do everything reasonable to make sure that everything goes right!
That doesn't mean that your floor is going to fail if you don't prime, but I think the cost/benefit analysis leans strongly in favor of spending slightly more to substantially increase your chances of a perfect outcome.