There are several differences...
First, the patch kits are typically about 38-50# of sand with about 3/4 of a gallon of Binder (Part A and Part B)... some only have 1/2 gallon... Our patch kits have a full gallon of binder which is kind of unheard of...
So, with a patch kit, you mix Part A and Part B of the Binder (Resin & Hardener) and then add a WHOLE BUNCH of sand INTO the mix. This creates a very dry mortar mix. SO... it must be troweled. We engineer a blend of aggregate (we offer quartz, aluminum oxide, or a titanium ceramic) so that it will pack well.
The 100% solids material with aggregate can be in several forms... BUT... you have alot less agregate and more polymer. In general, the aggregate is broadcasted (thrown) into the wet coating. However, there are aggregates like out SuperGrip that can be mixed into the coating. The aggregate is typically a coarse grade particle.
So, the basic difference is the ratio of aggregate to polymer, troweled vs. braodcasted, as well as the grading of the aggregate.