If you have the type of garage door that has the two tension springs, one that goes along each door track to help lift the door, then it sounds like possibly the downforce on the door opener is set too high.
There should be an adjustment for the downforce as well as how far the door travels upward. Adjusting how far the door goes up (towards the stop bolt) does nothing to help solve the problem you are having.
You have to adjust the downforce. This is the actual force that is applied to the door when it closes. When the downforce is adjusted properly, the door should reverse back up when it comes in contact with something. This is a safety thing.
Open up your garage door and put a piece of a 2x4 on the ground laying flat where the garage door closes. Then hit the remote and close the door. When the door hits the 2x4 it should reverse and go back up. If not, you have to adjust the downforce until the door reverses back up after hitting the 2x4. In your case it sounds like the downforce is set too high and the door will go right back up after hitting the 2x4.
Adjust the downforce so that when the door hits the 2x4 it does NOT go back up. Then, slowly adjust the downforce until you can get the door to go back up when it hits the 2x4.
Then, once you have that done, open the door and stand near the door either on the inside or the outside. Hold your hand out about chest high with your palm facing up. Hit the remote to close the door. As the door starts coming down it will come in contact with the palm of your hand.
The door will start to put pressure on your hand, but you should be able to keep the door from closing, and it should reverse back up. This is so that the downforce will not be too great, and anything that might get in the way of the door (like a child or your car for example) will not be hurt. If you can't hold back the door and make it reverse back up, the downforce is set too high. Adjust the downforce until you can make the door reverse back up.
If the downforce is set properly, then the door should close all the way and not pop back up.
Try this and let us know how you do.
Jim