-Looking over your updated photo this is a repair of greater magnitude. The first piece is a fairly simple joining of halves. The second piece has far greater considerations to repair correctly. It would be more difficult, not impossible, but more difficult to do considering the proximity to the greater stress from whatever those gears drive or are driven by, the smaller amount of available surface area to add reinforcement to, the stepped change in those available surfaces, and the slotted ears the fasteners go through that bolt the assembly to the carriage. The assembly would have to mapped/measured to make a decent over-fit reinforcement. Do you have measuring instruments that can do this?
I personally would not approach this as a casual repair job if I had any expectations of doing a proper repair. Even if you sent me the entire assembly I would still have no idea how much clearance between other components I had to work with, I'd have to see/measure where it attaches to the lathe. Can it be done properly? I believe, without inspecting it, that it can be done by a good machinist with a BP type mill and some aluminum stock. Were it me I'd be tempted to simply make another out of 6061 and be done with it because I have instruments, machinery, and time to make this happen for fairly cheap. What would I advise you to do? Probably investigate the price of a used component and weigh this against the cost of getting a machinist to effect a repair or make another one. It's difficult to give clear advice on this as there's too many unknown details about fitment, availability, and cost.
I can probably state that any attempts you make to effect a repair with epoxy, plating, soldering that fails will result in making another repair more difficult. Even drilling/tapping holes that are badly done will then have less available room for properly created holes. Repairs like this you kinda get one shot at getting it right or it's now worse than when you started. The material isn't helping you either as it's limited to what can be done with it and how fragile it is. I hate die-cast structural components for this very reason. I'll try to offer what opinion I can for whatever you want to do with it but at this point I don't know how to advise you beyond my previous suggestions in the paragraph above.