You can make it as complex as you want, but I was taught basics, and I go with that.
First find out if the floor is level. If it is not, make sure that you shim up the hinge side of the jamb so that the bottom of it is about 1/16" to 1/8" higher than the strike side.
Shim the hinge jamb out slightly from the stud, with a tapered shim from each side. The tapers counteract each other, so you end up with a flat shim, of adjustable thickness. If the stud isn't straight or isn't plumb, shim out 1/8" or so at the furthest out point. Put a finish nail in at that point, to hold the shims. Pound in the nail only enough to hold the shims and jamb, so you can remove if necessary.
Check the face of the jamb for fit to the wall face. Use a 6 foot level to make it plumb. Adjust as necessary (reason for only temporary nailing the first nail).
When you have it aligned with the wall faces as best to fit, then start to plumb the jamb. Add shims at each hinge point, and adjust thickness to make the jamb both straight and plumb. Temp nail each shim stack as you did the first stack.
When the jamb is both straight and plumb, nail in the nails almost flush with the surface. Don't set them yet. As side note on nail placement, I put them about 1/4" from the stop surface so that they're least visible and near the midpoint of the door.
Now, I use a carpenters square to square the header jamb to the hinge jamb. Shim under the strike jamb as needed to get it to the right elevation. I put in one shim set on the top, and temp nail it to hold the top jamb.
Now, I hang the door back on the hinges. Open and close it, and see if it swings open or closed by itself. If it does, and you don't want that to happen, you'll have to pull your nails and slant the jamb slightly to get it to swing and stand how you want. I prefer neutral, but some doors I want to hold open, and some to swing shut by themselves. It doesn't take much off of plumb to make that happen.
Once the swing is how you want it, close it and see how the header jamb fits it. You should have a consistent gap between the door and the jamb. If not, adjust your shimming to make it consistent.
Then, with the door closed, shim the strike jamb to a consistent gap. Move it laterally so that the stop touches the door consistently. If necessary, move the top jamb laterally also to consistently hit the stop. Compare it to the wall surfaces and see if it's acceptable. If not, you'll have to move it to some compromise position. Occasionally, I have had to move the stops, as it all wouldn't align. Depends on how straight and plumb your walls are. Once you have everything aligned as well as possible, put finish nails into your jamb shims to just shy of flush with the surface.
Open and close the door and make sure it all works. Then, set the finish nails. At this time, I usually remove one screw per hinge, and put in a long, high strength structural screw to replace it, through the jamb and into the stud. This makes the door more stable.
Hope this adds some clarity, it's easier to do than to describe.