Not if the surface is clean.. They charge the surfaces to get the powder to attach and then bake it on.
In my industry media blasting is done not ONLY to remove rust, corrosion, mill scale, etc., but is actually required if you want the finish to last.
If you examine properly blasted metal under a microscope, you will see hills and valleys. The machine will charge the piece and the powder with negative and positive charges so they attract to each other. Powder falls into the valleys and on top of the hills, and when it goes into an oven to cure the powder melts (known as the "flow out"), self levels and actually bonds with and becomes part of the metal itself instead of just riding on top of it. When it's done right, powder coating can be the ultimate finish. But "roughing it up with a Scotch Brite pad" or just phosphating it to promote adhesion is wholly inadequate and leads to premature failure.
Proper metal prep and curing are absolutely critical to a durable, long lasting finish and are sadly overlooked or done so half-*** that any powder coating flakes off, chips, or starts coming off in sheets. This is especially noted in rookie work and manufacturer's powder lines where no blasting takes place at all (such as a new welding cart bought two months ago). When the powder starts coming off, you'll see shiny, brand new metal underneath or corrosion resulting from "creep" where one little break in the finish allows the elements to invade and then creeps all over the entire piece
underneath the powder.
With pictures being worth a thousand words, this is a prime example of what I'm talking about.
https://www.garagejournal.com/forum/threads/powder-coating.398413/#post-7377653
As to powdering the O.P.s beadlock bolts, don't reinstall them with excessive torque. Powder coating is a superior and very durable surface but it isn't completely indestructible either. Proper prep will help them last, but I suggest to my customers that any powder coated hardware be installed using an oversized socket temporarily coated in a layer or two of plastic dip (or a soft cloth) so it doesn't get damaged.