It's also cryptic AF. Just another instance of 'that guys system isn't good enough for us, let's make our own'. IMHO.SAE/orb threads are straight threads and not compatible with tapered NPT threads
It’s been a standard naming convention from US military aircraft in the 1930’s, and industrial JIC fittings post war (same dimensions except looser thread tolerances)
I am not sure how -1 = 1/16 fits the definition of arbitrary? It’s very deliberate and systematic.

It’s been a standard naming convention from US military aircraft in the 1930’s, and industrial JIC fittings post war (same dimensions except looser thread tolerances)