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Just did some wiring, thoughts for anyone planing.

Chris Adams

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Oct 21, 2007
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Got the final on the 19th, so I set out to improve my new shops electric. 24x28 shop.

From the builder it had an 80 amp panel, one inside light, one porch light (required by code) and three inside sockets.


My additional requirements were for more sockets, with 20 amp capability (drill press, grinder) lots of lights in the rafters, move the garage door power closer to the door, for the Liftmaster 3800, and a couple of 220 outlets.
I really wanted three 220 outlets but the box doesn’t have the room for that many circuits.
It is an 8 breaker box.

I considered putting in a bigger box, but found only 8 breaker types in four brands at my local big box stores.

Local supply house wanted six times as much and would have to order it get two more breakers.

Can’t wait because I must get on with the other upgrades I need, so I decided to live with two 220 plugs.

Rather than use a 220 whip for the compressor I will just plug it in to one of the 220 30 amp plugs. That way if I need to plug in my welder at in that area I can just pull the compressor loose and use that socket.
I put a second 220 socket on the opposite wall, to power a lift if I get one that needs 220, or the welder if I need to weld on that end of the shop.
I put 6 double plugs along the center of the rafters, using the ‘runway’ the builder put in for their wiring. That gives me places for 12 lights in a row down the center.


I added another plug in what will be the work bench area, giving me 7 double plugs in the ceiling split between three switches. This is in addition to the already installed single light fixture with a single CFL bulb.
I put the cheap 10 buck Wal-Mart T8 lights in 10 places, used the expensive Lowes double T8 over the work bench… First one has failed already. So much for paying 4 times as much at Lowes. I will probably replace those two with the cheaper Wal-Mart lights.

Bulbs I got from HD for 15 bucks for ten. Phillips brand. 15% defect rate from the box, three dead bulbs in 20. Picked up some cheap, cheap, (99 cents apiece) builder T8 bulbs at Lowes. These boxes hold 30, so I presently have 29 spares.
With 23 32 watt T8 bulbs the shop is almost daylight bright.



Some thoughts on anyone doing the wiring themselves;

I used more wire than I expected. Measure and then add extra. Lots of extra.
I wasted almost no wire. Less than 10 feet of left over cut wire in 340 feet of wire.

Still took lots of wire.

I had a 40 foot length of 12 left over from a project, and I bought a 250 foot roll, since I needed the 12 for the one run of 3 20 amp sockets. Since I needed the 250 foot role I used the 12 for all the lights/etc. because it would have cost more to buy 14.

The way Romex is marketed it is way cheaper to buy 250 foot and use the heavier wire even if you don’t need it. But it is a pain to use the heavy wire when you don’t need it.

So 12 gauge is HARD to work with in a regular switch box, or in a regular small socket box.

If you don’t NEED 12, use the 14. It is that much easier to work with.
I used 50 feet of 10 gauge for the two 220 sockets. 45 feet is what it takes to go 28 foot of building and up/down the wall.

The remaining 5 foot of ten gauge worked great to put the second plug near the breaker box.


Murray boxes have WAY TO FEW ground/common terminals. With the way it was designed and equipped it is as if they figure most people don’t use the ground, or combine grounds or common in the same terminal.


I had to buy a longer ground strip and fabricate it into the box. I didn’t want to share grounds/share commons. Still ended up sharing two grounds on one end.

Wire stripping tool, for stripping Romex (the yellow plastic tube) is worth its weight in gold. :thumbup:
A must have tool.
For years I stripped Romex with razors, dikes, pocket knife, etc. DUMB cut my fingers, nicked the wires, etc. Too much work. The cheap little tube does it all, in seconds, neatly. Cost a few bucks. Best money I spent on this job.

I used a cheap staple gun for many of the Romex staples. It works. Don’t drop it.
After it hit the concrete the fifth or sixth time, from eight feet up, it got hard to pull loose from the staples.


For the 10 gauge I used conventional staples with hammer.
The staple gun lists 12-2 x 2 as maximum.

I ran the wires separately, didn’t double more than a couple places.
The gun works, and can make a huge difference if you are running a lot of wires, working one handed, or just get tired of banging your thumb with a hammer.

I would recommend using a few hammer in staples in strategic places, and not doubling 12 gauge wire with the gun. You could double 14 gauge with no problems I am sure.

I used a platform rather than a ladder and step ladder.

I used my dogs agility course beam, but it would be easy to fabricate a platform eight feet long to do the wire runs. Cuts the labor to about a quarter of moving a step ladder every couple feet. Much safer with a platform.


The screwdriver with the little wire twisting pin (I used a Kline) is worth having.
Much faster than using needle-nose pliers to bend the wire.
I did use heavy needle-nose pliers to work the heavy wire inside the boxes, etc.
Bend with the pin screwdriver, pinch tight with the needle-nose.

The ‘spin’ handle electrical screwdrivers ended up in my junk drawer about 5% of the way into the job.

I have a Bosch impactor, the spin screwdrivers are a clumsy substitute for a proper tool.

I would rather use a regular screwdriver any time over the ‘bent’ screwdrivers.
Guys who use them all day long are probably good with them. By the time I would be good with it, I would be done with any possible job.


Don’t do this without a polarity tester.:)

Cheap tool, must have to do this work.

Buy the Romex stripper, buy the polarity tester.
Then if you want, buy the pin screwdriver, and if possible, buy the non-contact voltage detector.
Mine was a cheap one from HF, the batteries were bad out of the box, but after I changed the batteries it was a nice tool to have.

Be sure you have heavy needle-nose pliers.

Light ones will bend and be hard to use. Cheap ones from HF (they have a three piece electric pliers set, cost almost nothing, yellow handles, they all worked fine).
Have a good pair of dikes. I used the cheap ones from HF on the 12 gauge, and my heavy Klein’s on the ten gauge

I bought the cheap yellow handle electrical pliers set because I didn’t want to drop my expensive needle-noses, my expensive Kline cutters from 8 feet up.
Never did drop any pliers, but the cheap ones worked fine.
 
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rieferman

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really good post Chris.. unfortunately, I just finished my electrical work this weekend and learned many of the same tips through trial and error :) Seriously though, that's a good read for first timers. Later, I'll try to add some tricks I learned too..
 

Falcon67

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Great post!

Can't believe there were no 8/16 units at the local MegaMaterial store.

Always buy more than you think you need - I had a 6 breaker GE in the shop, swapped it out for a 8/16 unit and used the small breakers. Plenty of space, maybe too much but the box was only $25. The came the 220 run for the compressor. Then a 220 run for a machine, 220 run for the heater. Now I have only 4 empty slots with one spare (no circuit) breaker in the box. And still need to do the 220 run for the lathe. When I move the wall out for the work room, I'll only have three breaker slots for plug/light runs.

Use the circuit tester after each plug run is wired up and after any modifications or repairs. You'd be surprised at how easy it is to screw one up! :)
 

travisd

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Westminster, MD
The came the 220 run for the compressor. Then a 220 run for a machine, 220 run for the heater. Now I have only 4 empty slots with one spare (no circuit) breaker in the box. And still need to do the 220 run for the lathe.

Stupid question, but are you allowed to put multiple 220 outlets onto a single breaker/run? Obviously not for the things that need to run concurrently of course, but for a small-ish shop where only one machine will run at a time, can they share a circuit?
 

Falcon67

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Preface - I don't know the code on this item, my guess is it would say "no", especially if you are talking -say- two or three 1~3HP motors on a 20A run. I don't think it allows for "I promise not to turn on more than one." :) The runs are supposed to be sized to the load - so it might allow that setup if the circuit wire and overcurrent were rated for everything plugged into the circuit. Depending, I'm thinkin' 8/3 stuff with $20 sockets at each stop.

I personally like separate breakers for the 220V equipment. It is actually cheaper for me to do it like that - I used a 220V rated ON/OFF switch with lockout and a cord run at each piece of equipment. The switch is $13 at Grizzly and you could probably find one like it elsewhere for about that price. One push and a piece of bailing wire and the equipment is locked off. A socket and plug is more convenient but a 20A twist lock socket and plug set (my preference - doesn't fall out of the wall) costs about $40 at Lowes or HD. All the 220 shop equipment I have uses 20A circuits on 12 gauge wire, only the heater required the biggie 30A /10 gauge run and I used a twist lock on that since the socket is on the ceiling. Since I already had 200+' of 12 gauge and some 12 gauge cord, I only had to buy boxes and switches and breakers. A 20A 220 breaker for my GE box is $9.

FWIW - the 30A twist lock socket was designed so that each hot (X and Y) would receive two wires.
 
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is there anyway you can upgrade to 100 amp before its too late? then I would run atleast a 20 circuit panel if not even more. It might cost a little now to upgrade but it will be worth it down the road.
 
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LoneGunman

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Multiple 220 drops are allowed on a single 220 circuit, it's done all the time, mostly for welders. They are only going to use one machine but may have to use it in various areas. The circuit is still protected by the breaker no matter how many drops are in the circuit. I'm not saying it is the best way to do things but sometimes it's a necessity because of space limitations in the panel.

If anyone disagrees post the article number.
 
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Chris Adams

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On using a 100 box, up to 125 (best I could find) it was still limited to 8 breakers. That is 8 single or 16 double breakers. With ground connections for 16 MAXIMUM. That is, sixteen places to put ground and/or common. So really, only 8 breakers.

I used 3 double breakers, 15/15, 15/15 ,15/20 and two 30 amp 220 breakers. That uses 7 of 8 slots and 16 ground/common taps.
The longest ground strip I could find had 21 taps. Sounds like plenty. It isn't.
Three are 'used' by the big clamp on the end that hooks to the feed wire. It covers three, bolting to the center of the three. So that gives you 18. Two more are used by the breaker box wiring. Now you have 16. But one can't be accessed because of mounting. So you have 15. For 16 thus I had to double one.
All the boxes I looked at had less ground positions, no matter the cost, or the amp rating.



Multiple drops on the 220 sounds interesting. Can anyone elaborate on how you work the drop? You can't double the wires and the 220 wire ends 'dead end' into the socket, I see no practical way to 'double nut' (bad practice) or to wire nut (that would be a HUGE wire nut, ten gauge) to continue the drop.
Can't find any reference on how to do it.
 

mrb

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you can wirenut the # 10 no problem....you can put 4 #10s in a red ideal wing nut which isnt big at all.......
 

Falcon67

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On using a 100 box, up to 125 (best I could find) it was still limited to 8 breakers. That is 8 single or 16 double breakers. With ground connections for 16 MAXIMUM. That is, sixteen places to put ground and/or common. So really, only 8 breakers. .

Yes - that was a problem. But right there close by the boxes they sell the additional grounding bus, goes on the right side of my box. So I can now route neutral to the left bus bar and grounding to the right bus bar. Plenty of spaces. I buy thin breakers, they are not doubles. The 220 duals go in the box in such a way that it forces the singles into odd slots. For example - you can put one thin in slot 1, then a 220 dual in 2 and 3, but you can't place the dual in 1 and 2. Makes for some shuffling I hadn't counted on, so the inside of the box now looks like your hair before coffee and a shower.

I'm not going to try and nut 4 #10 with a red nut! ;) I like the gray. Actually, if I was doing it I would use deep boxes and pigtail the #10. Assuming you need #10. A 20A 220V circuit is a 12 gauge run. And the plugs are different from a 30A, I believe. They carry a different number for sure and are a different size. Had heck finding a cover plate for the 30A socket - only one was stainless - rather fancy. All my other 220 runs are 12 gauge.
 
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Chris Adams

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Yes - that was a problem. But right there close by the boxes they sell the additional grounding bus, goes on the right side of my box. So I can now route neutral to the left bus bar and grounding to the right bus bar. Plenty of spaces. I buy thin breakers, they are not doubles. The 220 duals go in the box in such a way that it forces the singles into odd slots. For example - you can put one thin in slot 1, then a 220 dual in 2 and 3, but you can't place the dual in 1 and 2. Makes for some shuffling I hadn't counted on, so the inside of the box now looks like your hair before coffee and a shower.

I'm not going to try and nut 4 #10 with a red nut! ;) I like the gray. Actually, if I was doing it I would use deep boxes and pigtail the #10. Assuming you need #10. A 20A 220V circuit is a 12 gauge run. And the plugs are different from a 30A, I believe. They carry a different number for sure and are a different size. Had heck finding a cover plate for the 30A socket - only one was stainless - rather fancy. All my other 220 runs are 12 gauge.

I needed the 10 gauge. Compressor is 25, welder is 18, so 30 amp sockets. The lift, if I get one in 220 will be Who Knows?.
So I decided to make them all 30 amp plug so I have flexibility.
I used deep boxes anyway on the 220. Figured why not? Cost a few pennies more and gave me more room to shove the wire.
One HD I went to had plastic big circle cover plates, rather cheap. I bought one there, the other HD didn’t stock the plastic big circle cover plate so I bought the stainless steel for two bucks. Cheaper than driving ten miles to the other HD for a plastic. Kind of wished I had just used two stainless, just for the consistency.
I made all my 20 amp plugs brown so you can see at a glance if you are plugging into a 20 or a 15 (they are white).

I bought one of the ground strips, sold near the boxes. I wanted to put a strip on either side. No provision for that on the Murray box.
My house main box has two strips, and that would have made great sense, and made very neat wiring...
With no place for the second strip I just removed the old strip, put in the new longer one and modified it to work.

I'm leery of wire nutting 10 gauge under any circumstance. I've seen too many wire nuts back off over the years. Some I did, some professionals did. I dislike wire nuts. Wish I could just solder them, but code…
On my three switch box I had one place that needed five wires nutted together.
I used a ground strip (broken from the 16 I took out of the Murray box) and used that for the five grounds. That won't come loose on me. Makes for a neater install inside the switch box.
Overall, the wiring has worked well. Been cleaning up in there getting ready for the epoxy, and giving the new sockets and lights a decent workout with the A/C, small grinder and pressure washer.
 
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