Most houses of modest size have one return air duct located centrally. If there is a hallway, it will likely be there. So each habitable room has a supply and there is no need to leave a door open if there is a path for return air to follow. A typical interior passage door is 30" and one inch at the bottom amounts to a scant 30 sq. in. So, if you have a typical 6 x 12 register, that is larger. There is math and dynamics here that can get complicated. I used to just compare the sq inches of each but that's not all there is to it.Since it's such a sticking point, I have a serious question: Do bedrooms in California not have return ducts? Do you have to leave your bedroom doors open all the time to get heated/cooled air there?
Is that due to installation of central HVAC into older buildings over there, a holdover from old practices, or is it really the norm in CA?Most houses of modest size have one return air duct located centrally. If there is a hallway, it will likely be there. So each habitable room has a supply and there is no need to leave a door open if there is a path for return air to follow. A typical interior passage door is 30" and one inch at the bottom amounts to a scant 30 sq. in. So, if you have a typical 6 x 12 register, that is larger. There is math and dynamics here that can get complicated. I used to just compare the sq inches of each but that's not all there is to it.
The point is, most carpet installers don't know or care about return air. In my experience they care about whether a door drags on the carpet. If it doesn't, they rehang the door and job finished w/o any regard to air circulation. I've had many 'discussions' with homeowners when installing new interior doors. Many insist that the door be left just above the carpet for 'privacy'.
Only offices here, and not all, seem to have supply and return in each separate room. General open areas might have multiple returns placed about the room. I know HVAC engineers spend more time WRT to commercial.Is that due to installation of central HVAC into older buildings over there, a holdover from old practices, or is it really the norm in CA?
I can't say I've ever seen central HVAC laid out with a single central return here in the Midwest, though I could see someone doing so if they were retrofitting an old building. Every room with a supply, other than bathrooms and utility rooms, has a return here. Provided that the OP's house is built in the same fashion, sealing the door shouldn't cause any notable HVAC issues.
Solid core, seals, and if you can't use a threshold, then use one of these. We used them on our last commercial project:A solid core interior door will help a lot. Insulating the wall with help too, but it sounds like there is very little shared wall.
You could do like they do in adjoining motel rooms with two doors in one frame.
The gap under the door will be an issue. Keep it at a minimum, weather strip will help , but often not practical with and interior door. You might need to add a threshold.
Interesting that HVAC design varies that much from here to there. I guess we'll have to see what the OP's setup is (return vent in the room or not).I haven't been involved with construction for some years now after 50 years of that type of work. New housing has always had the typical layout I described above for decades. Retrofits as well. Many larger houses have zones and indeed, separate systems. IDK about a new house today.
