Getting the right filter is not an easy process, but once found, your HVAC system will last longer, run more efficiently and stay cleaner.
so a couple of concepts.
1. HVAC systems are not air cleaners. Cleaner air is a byproduct of the filters which are designed to keep the evaporator coils clean and efficient.
2. Static pressure is key to keeping your HVAC system alive. All HVAC systems have a manufactures maximum static air pressure ratings. This is referred to as the Total Static pressure (TSP). The maximum TSP for most systems is between .5 and .75 inches of water column. TSP is a measurement of the supply air pressure and return vacuum pressures. Some filters can cause a significant rise in TSP, thus reducing the amount of air that flows through an HVAC system. Reduction in air flow will effect the life of an HVAC system and the efficiency of the system. You can test your TSP with a manometer or magnahelic gauge. You can find both types online.
3. MERV has nothing to do with airflow. MERV stands for Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value and is a way to express the size of the particles that will be stopped from passing through the filter, within certain airflow and pressure ranges.
So to help answer your question about merv ratings and filter recommendations, I can only tell you my experiences. Readers Digest version; 10 years ago, we had a new high seer AC system installed in our 25 year old home. We were promised all sorts of savings, no savings were realized. I started to look into the world of HVAC and found a whole lot of information. We decided to act on the information we found and by changing some flex duct to steel ducts, adding more return ducts, installing better air flowing supply resisters and using what are called Media filters, we finally got the promised energy savings. We also got a much more comfortable home with much less dust!.
so, my recommendation is a drop in 5 inch thick media filter. Drop in filters are designed to utilize the standard 1 inch ceiling or wall filter grills. They have a 1 inch thick lip that then transitions to a 5 inch thick filter. To say these filters are amazing is an understatement. Just by putting in these filters we dropped the TSP in our system from .1 to .5, which was within the manufactures maximum TSP rating. We also cut down the amount of dust in the house by about 50 percent. We previously we had to dust once per week and now we dust every two weeks. We have three dogs and two kids who are all in and out all day long!! The best part is that these filters last us 5 to 6 months!
Here is a link to the ones we use.
https://www.filtersfast.com/FiltersFast-FFRAG13-Air-Filter.asp
There are many other sellers online, so please shop around.