That's what it looks like to me. They poured out the slab first then came back and placed the beam curb on top of the slab. It's a pretty common way to form and pour a floor with a beam curb, but they were a little late getting the beam curb placed. Do you know if they used any vertical rebar pinning the slab and beam curb together? If they did you'll probably be alright. I would suggest that you make them back plaster the back of the slab/beam curb to eliminate any honeycombs or voids. If the honeycombs are allowed to fill with dirt below grade or any form of moisture above grade, it will expand when freezing and cause problems.
Since the floor is pitched and the curb goes from zero to 4" - 6"(?) it is a little hard to redo it entirely. Maybe you could have the mason redo from 3" height onward when he is pouring the apron. Since these look to be cold joints and still green concrete, now is the easiest time to prep for redo to these higher areas. He can use the floor and floor edge to properly form for the curb - nice and level, straight, etc. You certainly want rebar dowels into the slab connecting the curb to it. Also consider horizontal rebar or folded remesh horizontally in it as well. It would also be the right time to add j-bolts or banding for wall attachment is these areas.
If no rebar was used to tie the two pours together at this cold joint, i would be concerned. If framed walls, it doesn't look to have any load bearing integrity. I would also be concerned with uplift resistance due to wind at that cold joint. I dont see j bolts or banding protruding up through it. What is the planned attachment means for the wall going to be? Long expansive anchors in this thin/weak curb and so close to slab perimeter could cause localized blowouts of the slab.
I think the job got away from them and concrete flashed due to temp/ direct sunlight and or time sitting. You are well within reason to be unhappy. That curb is crappy work. The rest of the floor seems good. Take lots of pics and discuss with building inspector. You could make him be the bad guy as you still need the apron poured by this same guy. If inspector not happy with results, don't let apron get poured - park your car in the middle of it until resolution of curb.
Then have them parge the entire perimeter to clean it up and eliminate any honeycombs as they make great nesting areas for bugs.
My $.02.