Maybe I missed it but was the floor designed to slope toward the door or was it intended to be level? From the description, I'm assuming the latter. If that's the case, birdbaths and varying pitches as demonstrated by your golf ball experiment would be expected. There is no such thing as a perfectly flat floor although it's possible to get close with the right techniques and equipment if your are willing to pay.
A really good floor would exhibit no more than a 1/4" gap anywhere under a 10' straightedge. An excellent floor would be an 1/8". I'd guess the average residential garage doesn't even come close to the 1/4" standard. In any case, you'll get some puddles and a golf ball will meander on even the best floors.
The chipping probably occurred when they cut the control joints but in any case, it's not unusual. The spalls look like mechanical damage to me. De-lamination tends to be more like 'flaking' rather than 'cratering'.
I don't see anything all that troubling in the varying color. You don't say where you are but if you have moist soils and a marginal vapor barrier under the slab, you will get water vapor coming through the concrete, which might explain some of it.
Ironically the lack of an adequate under slab vapor barrier would be the biggest detriment to a successful epoxy installation. Make sure you do a moisture test before proceeding. Water vapor would likely cause your epoxy coating to fail.
I'll say this, It's not the best slab I've seen but there is no smoking gun in any of your photos that would support a demand for removal and replacement. You'd be wasting your time. There may be deeper issues with the slab but they're not evident and it's just as likely you have a perfectly serviceable slab.