Chord Connections to a 1.5HP 1Φ motor
Which connection is the case? 3? And, if so, if I connect it this way and it blows the breaker, is the motor toast?
The case is not #3, it's the housing or frame of the motor. Your photo doesn't show it, but there is a green screw for the case connection in the endbell of the motor, should be near the cover screws. Connecting the ground wire to #3 is directly shorting out the motor windings to ground. In this way the breaker should blow.
For the 120V chord connection, leave the internal motor wiring connections as shown in the photo. From your 120V chord, Black to #1, White to #4, Green to Green Ground screw on the endbell.
Another pointer the motor is listed for 22A@120V. I would expect a 1Pole 20A breaker to easily trip when the motor is under any load, maybe even with unloaded starting currents. Second is your chord looks to be #16 AWG, way too small for a 22A load, OK for a bench test no load, but a sure melter and smolder under the rated load of the motor.
MTW