Machining probably more than some other processes can vary greatly on time and effort to achieve the finished parts depending on tools and smarts. Meaning machines, cutters, fixtures, hardware and also everything in the up front design and planning stages too. The more dialed in you have your process, the faster it will be. The more tools you have on hand set up and ready to go, the faster you will be. The better you have the software setup, the faster you will be. All the little steps take time, how many of them are just a check off to make sure it's done vs a full going through the details to make it right each time. Things like having the post processor spitting out perfect code can be the difference in a second or two or many minutes up to hours to make sure the code is ready to run. Having the right hardware on hand can mean a short time to clamp stuff or a mess of rigging things to hold the blank, etc.
When you do it for a living everyday and are interested and motivated to do it better each time, you can get all the systems really working well so things like this part are just a few minutes. It takes time and effort up front to get the shop so that you can do it, but it is worth it.
All these same things can be implemented in a manual process as well and will make it faster, but for some things a cnc being able to turn more cranks at the same time will just inherently make it faster than manual methods.