Since the house is only five years old, do you have a meter/main with breaker spaces outside? If so, you could feed the pole barn from there if you want as well as put the interlock in it with the generator inlet at the barn. Or, you could still put the inlet at the barn and leave the transfer interlock where it is. Assuming the whole point is to have the generator at the barn where it's easier to store.
I have a meter main on a pole with an interlock; I buried #6 USE conductors in the same trench as my garage feeder with the inlet mounted on the garage exterior next to the LB. I haven't had to use it in the 10 years I've lived here but when I do, I can fire up the genny and plug it in, then it can be warming up while I do the 250' walk of shame to make the transfer. I'll leave the generator in the garage and I have a cord long enough to run through the back door and reach the inlet.
Unfortunately no. My meter is outside. Main panel is inside in the basement. When my house was built in 2020/2021, I believe Michigan was on the 2017 NEC, so I also do not have an exterior emergency disconnect.