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Radiant Slab Recent Experience

jrfiero

Active member
Joined
Dec 8, 2010
Messages
25
Location
Arlington, VA
Thought I'd share my experience the my radiant slab, just fyi.
Warning: Long Post!

Building:
1 ½ story garage, R15 walls, no insulation between first and second floor, R30 roof, no windows first floor, double pane windows and skylights second floor, two insulated 9’ garage doors & one man-door first floor, one man-door second floor.
Footprint 559.7 sq feet (zoning limit 560). 24’3” x 21’2” slab, average ~4.5” thick. ~25,600 lbs mass
2” insulation under and perimeter.
One garage door is opened in the morning and evening for a vehicle entry and exit.

System:
Single Zone, Two loops ½” PEX (~250’ each). Radiantec system, they approved my tubing layout design and provided the balance of the system with everything properly sized ('cept the heater).
Three-speed pump, currently running in the middle setting.
12 psi when pump is running, 17 idle (?). Can be lower, I’ll adjust after AF.
30 gal electric water heater, two 3800-watt elements, 25gph recovery with 90 degree rise. Lower element convertible to 5500 watts. Set to what I think is about 100 degrees, upper element slightly higher.
~36 gallons fluid total.
Filtrete electronic 7-day programmable thermostat. Not specifically for radiant heat, mounted on 2" rigid foam on an outside wall. No slab sensor.
Thirteen gallons of Freeze Free inhibited propylene glycol (36%, Freeze to 0F, Burst to -40(?).

Performance:
Caveat – the first week of system operation was the coldest week we’ve had in six years. Has to have had some effect.
The plan was to leave the garage at 45 during the week while I’m off working, and raise it to 60 starting noon Friday. Rethinking that plan. Warming 25,000 lbs of concrete apparently takes a while.

While I was filling/flushing the system, I had a portable heater in the garage so the air temp was about 54 (outside temp ~30). Slab surface was about 45 according to the handy infrared thermometer. It took way longer than I had planned for the slab to come up to above 60. I had thought it needed to get to 85 for effective heat, but that turned out not to be true (whew!). I prematurely started the pump without letting the tank fully heat – the output initially said 107+ but quickly dropped to 75.
~24 hours after I fired it up the air temp got to 60, slab temps 63-64. Then, for literally days I was not able to catch the pump in the act! It was just sitting there around 60. It was up and down a little so I know if was cycling, just couldn’t catch it, so I don’t have good output – input readings.
The second floor (wood shop) is reading around 10 degrees cooler, but it didn’t have a long time to soak so we’ll see in the future. My $30 supplemental electric oil filled heater should make it comfy.
The weatherman threatened really cold temps (for Northern VA) the first week of operation (was accurate) so I immediately gave up on my 45 plan and raised the lower target to 50.
I dropped the temp to 50 at 6pm one day (will normally happen automatically Sunday), and at 6 am the next day the garage air temp was still 58, 55 by noon. Wish my house would retain heat like that. Must be the concrete.
I have seen the system working to keep the temps at 50, but I haven’t seen it when it starts to check the initial output/input temps. Output as it’s running is 82-83 degrees F, input 71-72. Lower than I expected, but it works fine. The slab is 54 when the garage is up to 50. Doesn’t noticeably overshoot. Upstairs temp is 38, so keeping the first floor down at 45 would be risky for upstairs. But outside has been down to 14 at night and stayed in the 20s during the day, way colder than average for here (Arlington, VA, high 44, low 29).
I need to get a better handle on what the water heater is actually set at, although once it’s running it probably doesn’t matter since the 3800-watt element can apparently supply 83 degree water to a 50 degree slab!
I saw one morning that the air temp was down to 48 (remote thermometer in the house), but I’m almost sure it was the blast of 18 degree air from my wife getting her car out of the garage. So the pump was running when it probably didn’t need to be, the warm slab and surroundings would have reheated the garage. Not sure there’s anything to be done about that.

Future:
Track the time it takes to get from 50 to 60, or whatever my final temp settings end up being. Took a long time the first weekend -~24 hrs.
Play with the heater temp. I’m thinking higher wouldn’t make a lot of improvement in slab temp change (except for the initial hit), so I’ll probably set it as low as it will go to see if that works.
If it takes too long to move from my setback temp to my final temp, I can convert the bottom heater element to 5500 watts. I don’t need that to maintain temps, so I’d rather not do it. But I did, will have to see if next weekend's slab increase is quicker.
Try different pump speeds. The differential is OK now, so I’m in no hurry to change it.

What I’d do differently:
This was the first in-slab radiant for my building contractor. Always a risky idea. Anyway, he didn’t put a thermal break right at the garage doors. When he poured the apron I had him add a thermal break, but I have about 8” of heated slab outside the doors, which I’m unhappy about. No tubes out there, but it’s just wasting heat.
Of course I would like a heat source other than electric. Running natural gas to the garage would have cost $1200, and I can buy a lot of electricity for $1200. Then there would be venting, etc. Solar is an option.
I’d buy a better thermostat (still can, of course). I’d like to know how long the system is calling for heat, etc, and my thermo has none of that. You can get WiFi enabled thermostats now which can sit up and talk. Should have gone that route.
Jury’s still out on whether I should have put underfloor tubing under the second floor. For my purposes, this will work fine, but if someone in the future wants to use upstairs as an office or guest room, might not work as well. I know for sure I’m not retrofitting it!

Anyway, there are some data points for folks who might be considering in-slab radiant. In my case it's really easy to maintain a set temp, and it's very comfortable. I knew going in that setback is not recommended. When I get the electric bill I might not be so impressed, but, oh well.

Jonas
 
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tdkkart

Well-known member
Joined
Jun 17, 2006
Messages
6,887
Location
Eastern Iowa
Pick up a 120 volt hour meter and connect to the output of your pump control. This will tell you how long the system is calling for heat.
 

hansen1

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Joined
Jul 26, 2008
Messages
86
Location
Colorado
You might think about installing a Nest thermostat. It will not only keep track of how long the system runs and email you a weekly report, it also has the ability to understand how long the radiant system takes to raise to the requested temperature and will factor this into your programming schedule.
 

koditten

Well-known member
Joined
Apr 10, 2008
Messages
5,528
Location
Midland, Michigan
You might think about installing a Nest thermostat. It will not only keep track of how long the system runs and email you a weekly report, it also has the ability to understand how long the radiant system takes to raise to the requested temperature and will factor this into your programming schedule.

I was under the impression that wifi was required for these thermostats to function. No?

If not, I'm getting one tomarrow.
 

Sureshot

ALLIANCE MEMBER
Joined
Jan 3, 2011
Messages
3,134
Location
Bridge Creek, OK
You may want a thermostat that monitors the return temp of the water.

The lack of a thermal break at the doors will keep your doors from freezing down.

For your second floor you could add a circuit and use a radiator and fan or just a fan system to draw air from the lower level as required. To me if it is seldom used it is better the temp be lower.

Have you considered running the pump all the time and putting the thermostat on the water heater?
 

tdkkart

Well-known member
Joined
Jun 17, 2006
Messages
6,887
Location
Eastern Iowa
The lack of a thermal break at the doors will keep your doors from freezing down.


When I ran my vertical perimeter insulation I notched the top of the insulation in front of the overhead door footings, and at the man door threshold to purposely let some heat under the doors. Works nicely to keep the ice and snow melted back away from the door, and in the grand scheme loses very little heat. It's not like leaving the door open 2 inches.
 

BadgerBoilerMN

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Joined
Aug 4, 2011
Messages
837
Location
Minneapolis
Of course I would like a heat source other than electric. Running natural gas to the garage would have cost $1200, and I can buy a lot of electricity for $1200. Then there would be venting, etc. Solar is an option.

Jonas

Where are you located? What is your electric rate?

Solar is an option?
 
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jrfiero

Active member
Joined
Dec 8, 2010
Messages
25
Location
Arlington, VA
tdkkart - "hour meter!" I tried all sorts of search terms, but not that simple one. I have a low voltage, digital, resettable one on the way. Thanks.

hansen1 - I'll read up on the Nest, but I think its better suited to a living area where there is more activity and variability. Might be overkill for my garage. Once I get the above-mentioned hour meter in place and the novelty of the whole thing wears off, I'll be happy.

BadgerBoilerMN - I'm in Arlington, VA. Marginal electric rate is 1.296 cents per kWh. Solar collectors were my plan originally, but I had lots of plans originally. Now my grand scheme has changed and I'll be leaving this garage behind in June 2014, so I scaled back a little.

Nother tidbit - when I aim my infrared thermometer at the thermostat, there is a couple degree difference, so comparing slab temps to air temps might not be accurate. I have to gather a few thermometers and place them around the thermostat. The thermostat allows callibration, so if it doesn't agree with the average of the others, I'll change it.

And my antifreeze is "Freeze Safe," not "Freeze Free" as I originally wrote.

Jonas
 
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tdkkart

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Jun 17, 2006
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Location
Eastern Iowa
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jrfiero

Active member
Joined
Dec 8, 2010
Messages
25
Location
Arlington, VA
No, actually something more like this:
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0027NLO8K/?tag=atomicindus08-20

Connect it to same output of the pump controller, same terminals as the pump motor. The timer will run any time the pump runs, thuus telling you how many hours the system is calling for heat.

'xacly. 'cept I bought a low voltage one which I'll wire to the 24V thermostat terminals on the relay box, and mine's resettable. It appears most aren't.

BigGMC "You mean 12.9 cents/kwh correct?" Sorry, what I looked at was only the first page of Dominion Power's rate explanation of the kWh calculation (the $0.0129). Turns out there are a few more charges thrown in for good measure. If I take my current bill, taxes and all, and divide by kWh used it comes to 10.4057 cents/kWh. My marginal rate is somewhat less than that. So my comment on the $1200 gas charge would equal 11532 kWh at that rate. We'll see.

'Course, it's going to be 60 today and 68 tomorrow - I shouldn't complain, but no playing with my new toy! For my day off Friday it'll be back to 37.

Jonas
 
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jrfiero

Active member
Joined
Dec 8, 2010
Messages
25
Location
Arlington, VA
Heater Redundant Thermostat Rewiring

I was just reading about "redundant thermostat" rewiring, where in a continuous heat situation the bottom element remains on but the upper Energy CutOff thermostat remains in the loop to prevent overheating.
http://waterheatertimer.org/How-to-wire-water-heater-thermostats.html

The issue is I have a 3800 watt upper element but converted the lower element to 5500 watt (an option on my heater, I didn't replace the element), but I'm pretty sure that during system operation only the upper element is working. With the redundant thermostat rewiring, only the lower element would work, ever, so I could pump more BTUs into the floor.

Anybody know anything about that?

Jonas
 
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jrfiero

Active member
Joined
Dec 8, 2010
Messages
25
Location
Arlington, VA
Performance in Coldest Weather in 20 Years

Just a note on how this system (described in first post) fared during temps that were really cold for Northern VA, down to 1.8* Tuesday morning.

This winter I've set the week temp at 55 and the weekend temp at 60. I've left the lower element on 3800 watts. If it hadn't handled this week's low temps, I would have switched it to 5500.
I didn't catch the reading @6:45 when my wife opened the garage door to leave, but after that blast of 2* cold air the air temp thermo read 50, and at noon it read 53. The coldest temps were after 7 a.m., so I'm tickled that the system pretty much kept up. My design temperature was 20*, as I'm told is common for this area.
Upstairs with no supplemental heat was 38*, not a temp to work in. On more normal chilly weekend days (high teens) I've been able to keep upstairs near 60 with my $30 supplemental electric oil filled heater.
If we had a few days in a row of these temps and I was trying to keep in up to 60, it may not have been able to keep up. Just guessing though, and I hope not to find out!
 
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jrfiero

Active member
Joined
Dec 8, 2010
Messages
25
Location
Arlington, VA
No Monthly Cost Estimate Yet

I'm going to have to sit down and compare my few months of operation with historical bills to build an estimate.
I suspect that will be of interest to folks, so I'll try to do it soon.

I fired it up in January last year, and I think I shut it down in April. My recollection is my rough estimate was $60/month. This season I turned it on in late October.

I should have installed two hour meters, one cumulative and the other resettable. I reset the one frequently just to check various conditions. However, the way mine is wired tells me only how long the thermostat was calling for heat, not how long the water heater was on. I suspect they are close to the same thing.

Jonas
 
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