I have a 28' x 36' garage with 8' ceilings. R32 in the attic in R13 in the walls. My heater is a 45,000 BTU Hamilton Propane unit running off of a 120 gallon tank. If I want it 80 in here, it will get up to 80. I turn it down to 50 at night and depending on the weather, it may get down to 50, or it may get down to 60. When I am out here, I loke to keep it around 65-70 degrees.
The garage is four sided. meaning that all four sides are out in the open and not attached to the house.
Are you absolutely certain that the jets are correct for propane and you don't have jets in it that is set up for natural gas. There is a big difference in the jets, and if not setup properly, your furnace will not burn properly. You may want to get a furnace person out to look at it. Your garage is the same size as mine, and I can get it super hot in here. My guess is that your jets may be wrong for propane and may be set up for natural gas.
I'm not a furnace person, and a furnace person will be able t tell you whether that may be the problem or not. But a 50,000 BTU furnace should be able to run you out if it is down below zero. We had -10f the other day and I was a very comfortable 65f in just a T-shirt.