I've used oven cleaner, Simple Green, Windex, dish soap and Purple Stuff pretty much interchangeably. This is on everything from plywood blades to coarse ripping and crosscut blades, from 7-1/4" to 10". The more aggressive cleaners may strip any paint and logos off the blade but that other than that I haven't noted any damage.
Windex will not remove really heavy deposits unless you soak for a while and/or really scrub. I prefer Simple Green because it works and there aren't any fumes to deal with, unlike with oven cleaner. For heavier deposits I will either switch to Purple Stuff or just soak longer. After letting the blade soak I scrub with either a brass brush or a stiff bristle toothbrush. For really heavy deposits I sometimes have to soak a blade twice. Then I rinse and dry thoroughly.
Lye can attack brass-based metals but I think you'd have to leave a blade submerged in over cleaner a fairly long time to compromise the integrity of any brazing. Maybe over repeated applications. I've cleaned 60T combination blades in oven cleaner after cutting red oak and never had a problem (and used the same blade many times after that) but YMMV. I still prefer Simple Green or Purple Stuff because I always have some and I don't have to worry about fumes.