You said you are thinking of running " a " home furnace with ductwork. If that means a residential style furnace with it's own duct system it should work fine if it is a higher efficiency model that uses outside air for combustion; if not gas fumes could be an issue.
If you meant to extend the ductwork of the existing furnace out into the garage you would also need a return air duct (maybe not good). Without a return; every cubic foot of air you push into the garage will lower the pressure in the home and have to be replaced by hot outside air leaking past windows, doors, dryer vents, bathroom vents,etc.