Somewhat of a guess, but I think Erik is mostly there. It's a "gang" fixture to hold five small pins at once. There was probably a second part that went over the top, 'hooking' into those square notches in the ends, holding a row of bolts or setscrews so each clamp could be closed individually.
I'd have originally thought it went to a surface grinder- and there's a good chance it did- but the holes in the large lower plate suggest mounting in a Kurt style vise as a jaw.
Probable uses include milling flats on the pins, or milling/grinding to length.
The second item is essentially a custom-made sine bar, and the square groove suggests it was made for grinding tool bits.
Doc.