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Spark Plug Torque Wrench Motorcycles

Joe Piro

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Feb 26, 2021
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I am anticipating another spark plug change on a 1963 BMW R69S motorcycle. They are known on the Vintage Air Head website for their "butter" heads and they are often stripped. I don't know if it is just because the aluminum is soft or if it is because they have only 1/2" reach 14mm spark plugs.... probably both. The experienced owners who know recommend 12-14 ft pounds (no more than 14 !).
I am considering buying on eBay, used Sturtevant-Richmont torque wrenches with the bending beam. They actually have a beam shape, not just a round rod.
They're like $400 new for their M 25, 3/8" drive, 0-25 ft pounds. and used are around $30-$40.
Does anyone have experience with these?
Or do you have a wrench that you prefer for spark plugs?
 
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F-22

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That's around 20Nm, which is the normal specification for spark plugs with dry threads (20-25Nm).

Problem with torque values is how inconsistent it can be. To an engineer, the clamping force is the real interest. That is the force that the screw is puttin to clamp something together. To get the required clamping force from the screw, they calculate the torque out of the thread pitch and standard friction. Now, the pitch is not a variable, but the friction is. With no friction, the torque could theoretically be unlimited. There are tables which tell you the friction on various washer, on zinc plating or bluing or stainless or aluminium... Also the friction between the threads is very important, but als obetween the head/nut face and flange face, and these can be different. Engineers have to take all of this into account.

So, put on anti-seize on the spark plug threads, and the torque value becomes meaningless. Add on carbon deposits on the threads and again it ruin the torque values.

Of course, engineers perscribe a decent safety factor to counter this, but on a 60 year old alloy head sometimes it's just not enough. Tighten the plug in enough times and the threads get deformed too...

Also, not all spark plugs are created equal. Some have smoother threads, and some even have anti-seize coating on from the factory.
A well oiled M16 size blued screw on a washer compared to a dry screw on a washer, will produce a 40% higher clamping force. That's 40% more force on the threads, at the same torque value on the torque wrench. Spark plugs are around that size too, but with a finer pitch so the friction affects them even more!


So to counter all this, I also tighten to a torque angle, not a torque value. You feel when the plug crush washer is flattened, the resistance increases a lot. From then, I tighten around 1/8th of a turn more (45°), maybe even less, and that's it. Almost never had an issue with a leaking spark plug if it is new. If the spark plug leaks, you can always tighten it more - the gasket is metal so it does not get ruined if it leaks. And you'll hear and see it if it leaks...


For precise high tension screw tightening, instead of torque values they use a special ultrasound device. Depending on the frequency of vibrations in the screw, they can read the exact clamping force regardless of tightening torque. Those are accurate to over 95%. But the screw material has to be precisely determined. For ultra high precision tasks, there are also screws with a load cell inside (only larger diameters and these are extremely pricey purpose made fasteners, not sure if there's any mass production at all).


I wouldn't buy a used torque wrench unless I'd take it to calibration too. Get a 1/4" torque wrench, it's most useful for bikes. Maybe a 3/8" for cylinder studs for some bikes... A cheap one is generally precise enough if you never abuse it. At work we use Hazet digital torque wrenches but those are really pricey and I'd never buy it for home use...
 
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Tools4Me

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I have no problem buying beam style torque wrenches used, because they only lose their accuracy if they are mechanically damaged or if they become meaningfully rusty. I would never recommend buying a used clicker or digital torque wrench unless you are willing to pay for calibration or you have the tools and expertise to test calibration and/or re-calibrate it yourself. In my experience, about 40% of the time a used clicker style torque wrench will be noticeably out of calibration when you receive it. About 20% of the time, the available internal adjustments also won't bring it back into calibration so the wrench becomes a throwaway.

If I were you I would skip the M 25 torque wrench, because the head of that particular torque wrench is too large in diameter and also too tall for it to be useful for many modern jobs. Something more compact like a Sturtevant DR200-1 double rod style torque wrench would be a better choice for most people as long as it still has a useful torque range for what you want to do with it. The head is shorter and also noticeably smaller in diameter, so it can fit into much tighter areas. A DR200-1 is a 200 inch pound torque wrench, but all you have to do is divide by 12 to convert to foot pounds, so it is a 16.6 ftlb max reading torque wrench. Pretty much the ideal tool for your 12-14ftlb spark plug job, but also great for use on bicycles and other smaller sized fasteners if you do any of that sort of work. They were made by Sturtevant but rebranded quite a bit as well. I personally look for the ones with the "permanently 2% accurate" label underneath the torque pointer. +/-2% accuracy from 20%-100% of the scale range is the same accuracy spec the M 25 torque wrench has, which is what you were originally asking about.

An example of a Cal-Van rebranded Sturtevant (NOTE- the ebay listing title of 100inlbs is wrong)-

Look at my attached images to see the size difference between the two torque wrench heads. Use the 3/8" square drive in each image as your visual reference.

Good luck OP.
 

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tamaraw

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I think that's a pretty regular torque spec for plugs, it doesn't need to be super tight. My car and a lot of other older Honda stuff is listed at 13 lb-ft (18N⋅m).

What I do in the absence of a torque wrench is first spin plugs in by hand until they bottom out. Then I hold a ratchet with the head in my palm to limit torque and turn with one hand until it doesn't want to move anymore without exerting crazy effort. I know that's kind of a vague metric but it seems to work and I have a feeling that it's probably on the lighter side of things. I just use my wrist and lower arm, I'm not really putting my shoulder or body into it. Remember that it's better to be too loose and maybe leak a little compression (which is easy to detect) than be too tight and mess up the head. Honda also calls for a light application of anti-seize which is probably a good idea for any aluminum head.

My nice torque wrench (Precision Instruments C2FR100F) is labeled for 20-100 lb-ft and is specced as being "Accurate within 4% of reading from 20% of full scale to full scale." (i.e. the full 20-100 lb-ft range). It does have lines to denote every 2 lb-ft, and interestingly enough, these go down to 16 lb-ft even though the numbers aren't labeled below 20 lb-ft. I have tried the lowest marking line or a bit lower a few times and nothing has blown up, I assume it's just not guaranteed within 4% below 20 lb-ft.

I struggle to justify 200 or 300 usd on a second wrench just for spark plugs, but if I had to, I would say that Precision Instrument's dial type wrenches (especially the ones with light up indicators) look pretty nice with a guaranteed 2% accuracy. Maybe I'll get one eventually. If you want something cheap, then yeah, a basic split beam non-clicker type should also work ok as long as you are viewing the gauge straight on. Or use your hands carefully and don't be a gorilla ;)
 
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engineer2

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I don't trust my $40 clicker type torque wrench at lower values. It seems to be accurate, but the click is so faint, it is easy to miss and accidentally overtighten. Especially in award positions. I would trust a dial or a digital more. Just my humble opinion.
 

JradM

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This. I’ve been doing it this way for 40 years.
X3

I raced motorcycles for years, never torqued a spark plug. They don’t really need to be that tight - they’re not holding anything but themselves.

The one caveat is if you’re not much used to wrenching. Then I could see using a torque wrench to stop yourself from overdoing it. Aluminum isn’t that strong.
 
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jayemm

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With all of the small fasteners that go into aluminum components (throttle body, trans pan etc) I purchased this torque wrench last year. The eTORK wrenches are of the same design as the JS Technologies (same designer/owner) who produced under the Craftsman, SK, KD and other labels. Although made in China it's nice and smooth and came with a calibration cert. Mine is as shown but there is also a 3/8" drive version that goes to 250 in-lbs. The whole eTORK line is available on Amazon in addition to a bunch of different brands. I got it because my trusty 20 year old SK clicker was made by JS Technologies and honestly don't trust some of the cheaper one's. Supposedly the Tekton clickers are good for the price. When confused you just make a choice and go on from there. Just my experience. And no, I don't want to hear about Snap- On. I'm just casual DIY as needed.

 
OP
J

Joe Piro

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Thank you for all the excellent replies. It may take a little time to digest it and see how it affects my choice.... but thanks !
 

JradM

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Despite the fact that I earlier endorsed the idea of not using a torque wrench, I think it's worth stating that there's nothing really wrong with your plan OP. If you're using a torque wrench, just use one with the appropriate range and err on the side of loose.

I doubt you need anything fancy. Just make sure the threads are clean and bare (i.e. no lube to make it artificially easier). If you were really worried, you could pick up a thread chaser in case someone mucked them up before you (that's probably overkill - I'd first test to see if I could thread the spark plug by hand until it bottomed out). A $20 torque wrench from Princess Auto (the Canadian Harbor Freight equivalent) would work fine for the actual torquing.
 

dnschmidt

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With all of the small fasteners that go into aluminum components (throttle body, trans pan etc) I purchased this torque wrench last year. The eTORK wrenches are of the same design as the JS Technologies (same designer/owner) who produced under the Craftsman, SK, KD and other labels. Although made in China it's nice and smooth and came with a calibration cert. Mine is as shown but there is also a 3/8" drive version that goes to 250 in-lbs. The whole eTORK line is available on Amazon in addition to a bunch of different brands. I got it because my trusty 20 year old SK clicker was made by JS Technologies and honestly don't trust some of the cheaper one's. Supposedly the Tekton clickers are good for the price. When confused you just make a choice and go on from there. Just my experience. And no, I don't want to hear about Snap- On. I'm just casual DIY as needed.

COMPLETELY RIGHT!!! The eTork are the best value in torque wrenches period. They use Norbar's torque setting method which is far superior to the chrome on chrome tiny scales used on most torque wrenches. Next best thing to digital for a fraction of the price.
 

jayemm

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COMPLETELY RIGHT!!! The eTork are the best value in torque wrenches period. They use Norbar's torque setting method which is far superior to the chrome on chrome tiny scales used on most torque wrenches. Next best thing to digital for a fraction of the price.
I've heard of Norbar but didn't know they use that torque setting method. As you said, it sure beats those tiny numbers stamped into the chrome barrel. On my old SK I highlighted mine with a black permanent marker but it doesn't last.
Funny thing, about 10 years ago when my local hardware store still carried SK (got quite a few tools at pretty good prices there), I saw the eTORK I have now in their display case with the SK logo. I couldn't justify it at the price ( maybe $120?) but really liked it. Figured it must be decent if SK would put their name on it ( and it was made in China then too which surprised me). So last year I saw it on Amazon and recognized it and researched it a bit. Felt good getting it for less than $60.
 

Qualitytools

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For low torque application I use a NORBAR 3/8 click type torque wrench with the appropriate range. It comes with a calibration certificate and a +- 3% accuracy, rather than the standard +- 4%.
 

mechcsu

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I prefer to use a regular 3/8 ratchet on spark plugs with crush washers. I make it a point NOT to use a torque wrench on these as I want to "feel" the washer being completely crushed and then I stop before over stressing the soft threads on the head. I have found that using a torque wrench doesn't give me the same feel.
 
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