TIPS FOR BETTER PLASMA CUTTING
How can I make the most of this cutting tool? After you have selected the plasma cutting machine that is right for you, here are some tricks of the trade that will help beginners make the best possible cut.
A. SET-UP PROCEDURES
Before you start, check for the following items: A clean air supply without water or oil. Consumables that wear quickly, or black burn marks on the plate, may indicate contaminated air. Correct air pressure can be checked by looking at the gauges on the unit. Nozzle and electrode correctly in place. A ground connection to a clean portion of the work.
B. SAFETY GEAR SOME BASIC SAFETY PRACTICES SHOULD BE OBSERVED.
You should read your instruction manual thoroughly to understand the machine. Wear long sleeves and gloves while cutting since molten metal is generated during the cutting process. Eye protection such as dark goggles or a welding shield is required to protect your eyes from the cutting arc. Typically a darkness shade of #7 to #9 is acceptable. Finally, follow all safety tips and guidelines that are detailed in your instruction manual.
C. PIERCING THE WORK
Many inexperienced users try to pierce the metal by coming straight down perpendicular (90°) to the work. This results in molten metal being blown back into the torch. A better method is to approach the metal at a slight angle (60°) and then rotate the torch to 90°. This way, the molten metal is blown away from the torch.
D. DON'T TOUCH THE NOZZLE TO THE WORKPIECE
Do not touch the nozzle to the work when using current levels of 45 amps or more. Doing so will drastically reduce the nozzle life as the cutting will double arc through the nozzle. Double arcing can also occur if a metal template is used. In this case, the user drags the nozzle along the template. The result is the same as dragging the nozzle on the work: prematurely worn nozzles.
E. BEGINNERS SHOULD USE A DRAG CUP TO FACILITATE THE CUT
Many systems offer a drag cup, which snaps over the nozzle. This allows the torch to be on the workpiece and dragged along to facilitate a consistent cut.
F. TRAVEL AT THE RIGHT SPEED
When moving at the right cutting speed, the molten metal spray will blow out the bottom of the plate at a 15 to 20° angle. If you are moving too slowly, you will create slow-speed dross, which is an accumulation of molten metal on the bottom edge of the cut. When moving too fast, high-speed dross is created since you are not allowing time for the arc to completely go through the metal. Traveling too fast or too slow will create a low-quality cut. Typically, low- speed dross can be distinguished from high-speed dross by ease of removal. For example, low-speed dross can be removed by hand, whereas high-speed dross typically requires grinding.
G. SET THE CURRENT TO MAXIMUM AS YOU BEGIN
When setting the current, put it on the maximum output of the machine, then turn it down as needed. More power is usually better, except when doing precision cutting or when you need to keep a small kerf.
H. MINIMIZE PILOT ARC TIME
Because of the wear it creates on the consumables, try to minimize the amount of time spent in pilot arc mode. To do this, get ready by the edge of the work before starting the arc so you can get right to cutting.
I. MAINTAIN A CONSTANT WORK DISTANCE
Optimally, you should maintain a 3/16" to 1/8" distance from the nozzle to the work. Moving in a weaving, up and down fashion will only hinder your efforts.
J. TRAVEL IN THE DIRECTION THAT WILL GIVE YOU THE BEST FINISHED WORK
If you are making a circular cut and plan to keep the round piece as your finished work, move in a clockwise direction. If you plan to keep the piece from which the circle was cut, move in a counterclockwise direction. As you push the torch away from you, the better cut will appear on the metal that is on the right hand side, since it will tend to have a better, squarer edge.
K. END WITH A PUSH ON THICK MATERIAL
One trick to use on thicker material is to give a slight push as you cut through the last section of material. This increase in the push angle at the finish will cut through the bottom first and get rid of the bottom corner that is usually left at the end of thick plate. Never finish a cut by using the torch to hammer away the last corner of the work.