As far as I know, there is no spec. for the distance.
Just make sure the connecting wire is the right size....for 200A service, #4.
In my case, I have both ground rods and an Ufer...
For the Ufer....I ran a 20' length of copper wire at bottom of my foundation footing. Where the wire comes up through my wall, I also have a chunk of rebar that is bonded to the rebar in the slab and footing....the ufer wire and rebar are bonded....
The tail end of the ufer wire is connected to another ground rod in my crawl space. And my original ground rod at the front of the house that is also bonded to the plumbing....that wire is bonded to the ground rod in the crawl space.
I now consider myself to be a well grounded guy....