1/2 inch British Standard, 7/16 inch Whitworth.
Whitworth and British Standard were standards used for fasteners and threads in Britain. The hex heads of bolts were standardized to the size of the threads. Whitworth was a coarser thread used for iron bolts, British Standard was a finer thread used for steel fasteners. A 1/2 inch British Standard wrench/spanner was used to turn the head on a 1/2 British Standard bolt, but the across the flat dimensions were not 1/2 inch. The British Standard fasteners typically had a head size that was one size smaller than the Whitworth fasteners, so a wrench made for the head on a 7/16 inch Whitworth fastener, would turn the head on a 1/2 inch British Standard fastener. The Whitworth bolt head dimensions were typically measured in decimal inches. A 7/16 inch whitworth wrench should have a jaw size of .820 inches, just over 13/16". This chart shows size comparisons and likely has a less convoluted answer.