With DOE wrenches, you get a wider range of wrench sizes in the same number of wrenches.
The same is true of double box end wrenches.
With Combos, you only get one size, although in two wrench types.
Back in the day when DOE wrenches were the go to standard, tools tended to be comparatively more expensive, so buying a set of DOE wrenches would get you a wider variety of sizes in a less expensive package, so you had the sizes you might need.
If you purchased a set of DOE wrenches, and then a set of box or ring wrenches,
You would likely wind up with two of Each wrench size, allowing you to hold a bolt head in place while you turned a nut, if both the bolt head and nut used the same size flats, or if you had to deal with a piece of threaded rod with two nuts.
A DOE wrench also allows you to hold a faster in place that is fixed with a lock nut, while you turn the lock nut with a separate wrench.
It’s also possible a lot of people thought the DOE wrenches were “stronger” because there’s way more steel at the end on the wrench than on a box or ring wrench.
Yes, I know box wrenches are stronger, due to steel being strongest under tension, but I certainly didn’t realize this when I was younger, and never had the “box wrenches are stronger and why” explained to me as a kid or young man.