A quote from Wikipedia if I may:
"The Rectification of Names (Chinese: 正名; Pinyin: Zhèngmíng; Wade-Giles: Cheng-ming) is one of the themes taught in the Confucianism doctrine. To rectify names means to know one's roles in the web of relationships that create community, and behaving accordingly so as to ensure social harmony. (Confucianism, 57) Since [social harmony] is of utmost importance, without the proper rectification of names, society would essentially crumble and "undertakings [would] not [be] completed." (Taylor, 48)
Confucius believed that social disorder often stemmed from failure to perceive, understand, and deal with reality. Fundamentally, then, social disorder can stem from the failure to call things by their proper names, and his solution to this was the rectification of names. He gave an explanation to one of his disciples:
A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve. If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things. If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success. When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties and music do not flourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will not be properly awarded. When punishments are not properly awarded, the people do not know how to move hand or foot. Therefore a superior man considers it necessary that the names he uses may be spoken appropriately, and also that what he speaks may be carried out appropriately. What the superior man requires is just that in his words there may be nothing incorrect.
– Confucius, Analects, XIII, 3, tr. Legge
The Rectification of Names means that "things in actual fact should be made to accord with the implications attached to them by names, the prerequisites for correct living and even efficient government and that all classes of society should accord to what they ought to be" (Steinkraus, pgs.261-64, 1980). This essentially means for every actions, there is a word that describes that action. The belief is that by following the Rectification of Names you would be following the correct/right path. The rectification of names also called for a standard language in which ancient rulers could impose laws that everyone could understand to avoid cinfusion. Without the rectification of names, different words would have different actions.
Each person has a social standing and a social name and with their social names comes responsibilities and duties. Ruler, minister, father and son all have social names therefore they need to fulfill their required social duties of respect (The rectification of names)."