To shed a little light, PVC, a thermoplastic Polyvinyl Chloride product is typically solvent welded. PVC is generally used for water distribution and waste as a less expensive alternative to copper and cast iron. Strength (or maximum working pressure) decreases with temperature however, so temperatures should be limited to 150 degrees max. My personal view is that it should be limited to waste applications, and even then only to under slab use where the noise transmission and flammability issues will not be a problem. If plastic must be used for water distribution or fire sprinkler systems, CPVC is usually a better choice. There are several other thermoplastics such as PB, ABS, PP PVDF, etc. which are sometimes seen in special commercial or industrial applications. The molded lines that you see on the fittings are from the manufacturing procedure and have no special qualities, though they can help you gauge how much you have twisted the fitting during installation.
Installation of fittings is as follows:
First, wipe off all burrs and make certain that you have a smooth, plumb pipe cut. Clean the mating surfaces of both the female and male parts with an appropriate primer. This is usually the purple stuff, though it may be available in different colors. This removes surface contaminants and "preps" the mating surfaces. Primer is a solvent so treat it accordingly.
Then apply the adhesive solvent, sometimes referred to (incorrectly) as cement. Here the procedure is to apply a coat of solvent to the male portion (the pipe), a thin coat to the inner surface of the fitting, and a second coat to the pipe. Immediately insert the pipe into the fitting and rotate the connection 45-90 degrees to spread the solvent that was pushed aside when you inserted the pipe. Hold the welded assembly in place for 30 seconds and you are done.
Allow at least an hour for the solvent to fuse the mating surfaces together and cure fully before placing in service. You are joining the pipe on the molecular level, and if done correctly, the surfaces you have welded will flow into each other, making essentially a monolithic assembly.
Now I suspect that there may be GJ members that have a different approach and I encourage them to jump in and share with us their experience. My experience is on the design end, not installation, so I have a different perspective form those that do this on a daily basis.
As always, offered only as opinion