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How do you modify a grease gun for water?

All

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So it seems everyone talks about using a grease gun for hydrostatic testing of tanks. I even saw a kid (sounded under 18) using a grease gun on YouTube for testing a tank he obtained for his refurbished Quincy 325-10.

What that video did NOT show, however, was the grease gun itself. Strangely, it was entirely omitted from view, and someone else even commented on this omission in the comment section, requesting that another video be made showing the grease gun.

Anyway, that kid was the last straw for me. I'm at least three times his age, and I can't get the brand new grease gun I purchased for the sole purpose of hydrostatic testing to stop leaking water from the rear plunger area. I've done nothing to modify the grease gun. I just put water in it.

What needs to be done to a hand operated grease gun to so called "modify" it for the purpose of pumping water in hydrostatic testing?
 
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Super Mech

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I don't think you put water in the gun, but instead force grease into the tank that is filled near completely with water.
 

930dreamer

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I may be wrong here, I thought the grease gun was used just to pressurize the tank? I still need to test a couple of tanks.:thumbup:

Found this online;

Oil in air tanks is not a bad thing. The coating of the interiors helps prevent the moisture caused rust. The bad thing about oil in pressurized air is DO NOT use the air for breathing air. The oil will cause severe health problems.

Draining air receivers. Drain, Drain, Drain! This should be done daily when you find moisture in the drain output. The draining period can be extended in areas where you don't find moisture in your drain output. I suggest you set up your own drain periods as follows. Start on a daily basis. If you get no moisture move to a weekly basis. If you get no moisture, move to a monthly basis. Never go more than a month between drains. It is important to get moisture OUT of the receiver. Various times of the year, and different weather patterns will also affect your drain periods.

Storage. Many professionals keep pressure in their tanks at all times. They do not keep the compressors on, they just "lock" the pressure in, by isolating the tank, when the compressor is off. The idea is: If there is already pressure in the tank, the compressor runs less, and thus less moisture in the receiver.

Hydro testing. With ALL types of tanks, we are talking about energy storage. Compressed gasses will store more energy than liquids. Thus the stories of great damage from failures involving compressed gasses. Using liquids to hydro test, is much safer since a failure will allow pressure to drop almost instantly.
Safety: Most manufacturers will recommend no more than 150% of maximum operating pressure for hydro testing. Most of the newer receivers will have a max. pressure listing stamped into the tank. Some will even have the test pressure stamped in. If you are concerned about failure consequences, cover the receiver with a tarp or blanket. This will minimize the spread of liquid and movement of the receiver in the event of a failure.
Use a fluid pump to pressurize. Two gauges to verify pressure is a good idea. Ensure there is a way of venting pressure and a relief valve should be included in the hydro rig. Testing should be done with the vessel in it's normal position i.e. standing up or laying down. The most likely failure point will be where rust has weakened the vessel. This will usually, but not always, be at the bottom where the moisture collects.
Duration: The majority of hydro testing lengths are 1/2 or 1 hour. If the vessel does not fail in that time period it is safe for use. Hydro testing spans (time between hydros), are usually 5 or 10 years. Use your judgment. If you are concerned about the receiver safety, conduct a hydro test.

One thing that wasn't addressed in previous posts: Dry the receiver as best possible prior to placing it back in service.

Also, as mentioned before, it is perfectly fine to put some oil back into the tank prior to return to service. I recommend adding oil, to a dry tank, and rolling the tank around to coat as much of the interior as possible. Then drain the excess oil.

Do not ignore inspection of relief valves, control switches, connecting piping, and any cooling coils or fins. All should be clean and lubricated, as appropriate, for proper operation. Relief valves should be tested for proper operation and set points. Use your hydro rig and fluid to do this. Cover the relief valve as appropriate to control any spraying.

One last comment: WEAR protective gear when conducting hydro testing. Face Shield, gloves, heavy clothing, will provide protection from any jets or sprays and flying debris.

I hope this helps clarify things and makes everyone be and feel safer.
 
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All

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Yes. The grease gun is used to pressurize the tank. In hydrostatic testing, the medium of pressure application is water. The grease gun is the final delivery vehicle of that water.

Some people have used actual grease, and cleaned it out afterward, however, I have other items that I want to test (like a heat exchanger) where grease contamination is ill-advised.

An internet search yields plenty of references and reports that say "use a grease gun" or "I simply used a modified grease gun with water". But so far I have not found one single explanatory link that details how such a grease gun was modified for water.

I did, however, find another befuddled poster like me on Practical Machinist, whose experience with water leaking everywhere was similar to mine. That thread died though.
 

WhoWhatNow

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All- Looks like we both have a similar plan for this weekend. i am trying to test my tank as well. I am just using grease to pressurize the tank. I figure it at best it will add a little extra protection to the tank and at worst it will go through the lines and get caught in my filters. My compressor is in my basement with about 50 feet of 3/4" black pipe going to the garage.

The problem I am having is I can't get the tank to actually pressurize. The grease simply leaks out of the zerk/gun connection. I just PM'ed fixnair. I hope he has some advice.

A few pics of my setup:

ImageUploadedByTapatalk1369670133.774350.jpg

ImageUploadedByTapatalk1369670153.245551.jpg
 

Milton Shaw

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On a grease gun I have the plunger seal is set up for cartridge grease use. On mine you turn the end of the plunger over to use the grease gun without a cartridge. This may be the problem causing your leakage. You would probably still need the plunger greased up good to hold the water in but you would be pumping water instead of grease.
 
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WhoWhatNow... the kid on the video had the same problem as you... water leaking through or around the zerk fitting. He explained in the text on the screen that he ended up having to remove the zerk fitting, and thread the grease gun hose directly into the reducer bushing threaded into his air compressor.

Since the zerk acts as a check valve, he couldn't hold the pressure and walk away... he could only vigorously pump the handle on the grease gun continuously until he reached his desired 150 psi. In essence, his test was not complete, because the pressure was not sustained, nor sustainable without a check valve.

Speaking of check valve, he also had to remove the tank's check valve, as it was leaking as well. He replaced it with a plug. The single wrap of Teflon tape on the plug also seeped.

In essence, he went through all the motions of hydrostatic testing, without fully completing the test, due to leaky check valves leading to the use of no check valves leading to the impossibility of sustaining hydrostatic pressure for any length of time beyond his youthful ability to continuously pump his gun.

We'll just leave it at that.

I want to know how to make this test work achieving all the lofty ideals glibly described all over the net, but not grittily detailed.
 
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Milton Shaw... thank you for pointing out that the seal on the grease gun is reversible. The instructions did not mention this.

There IS indeed a cup seal in the tube of the grease gun. As delivered, this cup seal has the circumferential flange (circular iside wall of the cup) facing rearward, away from the contents and nozzle output.

Are you suggesting that I remove this cup seal and flip it over such that the circumferential flange faces toward the contents and nozzle?
 
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OK... Milton, I think you've nailed it. The instructions are written in several languages where each individual line is a different language (as opposed a separate paragraph for English, another for French, etal). It is a very confusing document in microfiche size print. I think there ARE instructions that say to reverse the tapered plunger seal (what I called cup seal earlier) when loading bulk grease. I missed the line forgetting that they revert back to English every 5 lines or so.

I need to reverse that plunger seal. I've asked my better half to read the instructions for me, as I can't seem to follow how they are arranged on the page.
 

Outlawmws

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That's what he is saying.

Here is the deal: Grease guns can be loaded with a cartridge, and they can be loaded from a bulk tank via a Zerk fitting (Usually not included). so you have to account for the cartridge, and the mfg does that with the reversible piston/cup.

Most people these days use carts, and rarely do you see the guns setup for a bulk load.
 
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WhoWhatNow... look out on that IR receiver on their close out site. The top plate isn't there. There are two rails for a rotary screw UP6 module. Be prepared to make your own top plate, and you'll need to make slotted holes for belt adjustments on your recip.

Look up the specific tank part number online, and then google image search the compressor package that tank part number goes to, then you'll have a better idea of what type of fabrication will be needed.

You might end up having two sets of bolts to worry about vibrating loose, the normal bolts from the pump and motor to the base plate, and then the secondary bolts from the base plate that you fabricate to however the IR tank close out you image searched is.

Don't rely on the images IR uses for their sale site. Get images of the specific part number you intend to buy.

And stop distracting me and my thread... which is about modifying grease guns for water usage in testing tanks, not buying new tanks! :)
 
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Outlawmws... My grease gun instructions talked about 3 different ways to load the gun.

1. Cartridge
2. Suction loading bulk grease.
3. Hand packing bulk grease.

What threw me off was that for suction loading bulk grease, the tapered plunger is NOT supposed to be reversed, but is to be in the same position as for cartridges. This instruction, combined with all the language BS arrangement of the multisided multifolded multilingual paper puzzle, caused me to believe that the plunger seal is to remain in the same position for both bulk and cartridge.

However, the third type of loading, hand packing the grease into the barrel, requires the plunger to be reversed. Weird how one type of bulk loading has the plunger loaded different than the other type.

Anyhow, thanks to Milton, my plunger is now reversed, and ready for hydrostatic testing once again.

As always, I'm very thankful for the active participation of the members of this forum, and endeavor, on subjects where I have experience, to pay it back and pay it forward to help other members like I was helped here this morning!

Happy Memorial Day.

PS... WhoWhatNow... I was just kidding about talking about a new tank purchase on this thread. Please continue, as I was considering the same plan.
 
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Please consider, compare, and contrast the following two potentially conflicting recommendations for safety:

Recommendation to Oil inside of tank:

Oil in air tanks is not a bad thing. The coating of the interiors helps prevent the moisture caused rust. Also, as mentioned before, it is perfectly fine to put some oil back into the tank prior to return to service. I recommend adding oil, to a dry tank, and rolling the tank around to coat as much of the interior as possible. Then drain the excess oil. I hope this helps clarify things and makes everyone be and feel safer.


VERSUS...

Recommendation to be very cautious about what type of hydrocarbon residues are in a compressed air tank (think compression ignition, like diesels):


Exhibit 6. A piece of the exploded tank showing the inner wall and OILY substance:
05ca010f.jpg



Exhibit 5. A piece of the exploded tank:
05ca010e.jpg



Exhibit 4. The second air tank inside the equipment room, which did not explode:
05ca010d.jpg



Exhibit 3. The inside of the equipment room after the explosion:
05ca010c.jpg



Exhibit 2. The car wash tunnel entrance after the explosion:
05ca010b.jpg



Exhibit 1. The equipment room after the explosion.
05ca010a.jpg



Exhibit 0. On July 23, 2005, at approximately 9:20 a.m., a 46-year-old Hispanic car wash supervisor died when an air tank exploded inside an equipment room.
buryicon.jpg



At that time, the air tank passed all OSHA tests and inspections. The air tank that exploded was 23 years old. Testing performed by an independent laboratory found that there were products of combustion in the tank. Independent studies have shown that use of an improper oil type can lead to accumulation of oil residue in compressor receivers, and that this residue can lead to combustion and explosions..


:shocking:
 

Outlawmws

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:+1:

And what was the source of ignition? Pressure alone? I doubt that a LOT. The compression you get spinning an engine for a compression test is nothing to the compression you get when actually running and diesels run a lot higher compression than Gas engines... (Oil vs Gasoline) and lubrication oil is not nearly as combustible as diesel is...

What the hell were the using for a lube, Hi test gasoline? :wtf:
 
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And what was the source of ignition? Pressure alone? I doubt that a LOT. The compression you get spinning an engine for a compression test is nothing to the compression you get when actually running and diesels run a lot higher compression than Gas engines... (Oil vs Gasoline) and lubrication oil is not nearly as combustible as diesel is...

I'm confused by your question, and what do gasoline engines have to do with this? The motor was electric, and the compressor was indoors in a tool room for the car wash. NIOSH/OSHA determined that the "compression" that led to the explosion pictured above took place in the air receiver.

I have a diesel motor in my truck. It is compression ignition. Very little fuel (50:1 air fuel ratio) and zero spark is needed to make the contents of the cylinder explode at a 17.5:1 compression ratio. That pressure alone is what ignites that scant air fuel ratio.

The air compressor tank in this exploded scenario was a "cylinder" compressed to 175 psi, that was internally coated with a hydrocarbon consistent with lubrication oil, according the NIOSH/OSHA investigation. They suggest that the wrong lubricant was used, and cautioned employers to be sure and use oil formulated for air compressors.
 
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I'm confused by your question, and what do gasoline engines have to do with this? The motor was electric, and the compressor was indoors in a tool room for the car wash. NIOSH/OSHA determined that the "compression" that led to the explosion pictured above took place in the air receiver.

I have a diesel motor in my truck. It is compression ignition. Very little fuel (50:1 air fuel ratio) and zero spark is needed to make the contents of the cylinder explode at a 17.5:1 compression ratio. That pressure alone is what ignites that scant air fuel ratio.

The air compressor tank in this exploded scenario was a "cylinder" compressed to 175 psi, that was internally coated with a hydrocarbon consistent with lubrication oil, according the NIOSH/OSHA investigation. They suggest that the wrong lubricant was used, and cautioned employers to be sure and use oil formulated for air compressors.

It's not the compression that causes combustion in a Diesel motor, it's the heat resulting from the compression. That's why glow plugs are used to help add some heat when things are really cold. Just as long as your tank doesn't get that hot (very unlikely, I'd say), that won't cause an explosion.

Aren't these failures just caused by weakness (from rusting usually) at normal usage pressures?
 

srmofo

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What About Filling It 99% With Water And Then Raising The Pressure With Compressed Air. The Potential Energy ReleaseD If There Is A Failure Will Be Very Low If The Volume Of Air In The Tank Is Also Small
 
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sfmofo.... I wondered about the same thing, but all the advice I've read indicates that even a little bit of air can have undesirable results when testing to 1.3 times the Maximum Allowable Working Pressure, which is in the 265 psi range.

On the heat of compression versus the act of compression... are these physics physically separable?

Compressed air exiting the second stage cylinder head is said to reach temps higher than 200 degrees F... from compression. Which came first, the chicken or the egg? The heat, or the compression? Perhaps the compression? Is this not why they call diesels "compression ignition" engines and not "heat ignition" engines?
 

Outlawmws

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The Flash point of Compressor oil ranges from 482 to 504 deg F.

The Flash point of Diesel is between 100 and 160 deg F -

For an engine, diesel or gas, to have a properly combustible mixture the fuel has to be atomized.... not really happening inside a compressor tank...

So I'm in serious doubt as to the legitimacy of the OSHA investigation...

The compressed air and "combustible" are in a sealed tank and the electric motor and any supposed spark are outside that tank. That can't be the ignition source pre, explosion.

What I can see as a likely scenario is the tank bursting, the oil THEN atomizing it into the air along with the contents of the tank, finding an external ignition source, and THEN igniting and leaving a residue.

It sounds like someone came up with theory, aligned some "facts" and claimed to have found the "smoking gun"

Even IF they used pure diesel as the pump's lubrication, I doubt the fuels would ignite inside the tank from compression. It's marginally possible that in that instance, the diesel could have ignited in the hot pump cylinder and flashed down to the tank via the feed pipe, but I still doubt that...
 

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compressor explosions caused in part by oil ignition is fairly well known. the autoignition temperature and flash point (different) both decrease as the PSI increases. another problem that can lower the autoignition is when outside vapors are being drawn into the compressor intake.

carbon buildup from using improper oils, like regular detergent motor oils also adds to the risk.

generally there needs to be a problem with the compressor, something not allowing it to cool properly, or a mechanical failure that causes a spike in heat generated that causes the conditions for an oil explosion. the risk is small, and takes a number of variables to come together just right, but it does happen.

google compressor oil explosion or something similar, should be plenty to read.
 

Kracin

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So it seems everyone talks about using a grease gun for hydrostatic testing of tanks. I even saw a kid (sounded under 18) using a grease gun on YouTube for testing a tank he obtained for his refurbished Quincy 325-10.

What that video did NOT show, however, was the grease gun itself. Strangely, it was entirely omitted from view, and someone else even commented on this omission in the comment section, requesting that another video be made showing the grease gun.

Anyway, that kid was the last straw for me. I'm at least three times his age, and I can't get the brand new grease gun I purchased for the sole purpose of hydrostatic testing to stop leaking water from the rear plunger area. I've done nothing to modify the grease gun. I just put water in it.

What needs to be done to a hand operated grease gun to so called "modify" it for the purpose of pumping water in hydrostatic testing?


a grease gun can put out a ton of pressure.



maybe you should do this to test it.


cap everything off but the top port (or whatever port can suffice as a top port). fill it nearly to the top with water, leave, lets say, less than an inch or so of space so that anything filling that void will quickly compress the air.


then cap it off with a cap that has a zerk fitting for the grease gun.

hook up the grease gun, and pump it up watching the gauge attached to another fitting. you should be able to use it to pump air into the small area until it reaches a high enough pressure to test with. and with the water filling the container, you should only need a small amount of air pumped in with the grease gun to finish it out and cause it to quickly climb in pressure


EDIT: you could also fill it 100% with water, cap it off, and use pump actual grease through the fitting into the tank. just be careful because a grease gun can put out a ton of pressure per square inch... literally (and more)





just a guess though, never done it

then
 
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TwoInch

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hook up the grease gun, and pump it up watching the gauge attached to another fitting. you should be able to use it to pump air into the small area until it reaches a high enough pressure to test with. and with the water filling the container, you should only need a small amount of air pumped in with the grease gun to finish it out and cause it to quickly climb in pressure


EDIT: you could also fill it 100% with water, cap it off, and use pump actual grease through the fitting into the tank. just be careful because a grease gun can put out a ton of pressure per square inch... literally (and more)


just a guess though, never done it

then

pumping air with a grease gun aint happenin..

filling with water and pumping grease is the common method.

did ya read the thread?
 

Kracin

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pumping air with a grease gun aint happenin..

filling with water and pumping grease is the common method.

did ya read the thread?

no, don't always take the time to read 30+ replies, at most if theres a ton of replies and people are still discussing on the last page i'll throw in 2 cents if it seems worth it.


could pump air with the grease gun, you are still moving it through the line, although not much at all. it would take quite a few pumps to get anything through though. if you've ever had a large air bubble from somebody messing with your grease gun before you know what i'm talking about.
 

kams1973

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Just borrow the neighbor's pressure washer. Plumb it in and fire it up. Of course, use much caution not to exceed your desired maximum pressure.
 
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"For an engine, diesel or gas, to have a properly combustible mixture the fuel has to be atomized.... not really happening inside a compressor tank..."

All the oil lubricated compressors I've owned have atomized the oil. Atomization of the oil into a hot pressurized oil mist is exactly how the oil gets delivered to the tank. Stroke by Stroke. 800 times per minute. That's why we put all manner of filters in our air systems, to filter out the oil that is atomized in the air stream.



"So I'm in serious doubt as to the legitimacy of the OSHA investigation..."

This issue isn't just isolated to this one incident, or this one report, nor can the discovery of the physics behind the purported root cause be attributed to this one investigation by this sole agency. As Twoinch suggested, a search on the topic yields plenty to read.



"The compressed air and "combustible" are in a sealed tank and the electric motor and any supposed spark are outside that tank. That can't be the ignition source pre, explosion."

How is the electric motor's location relevant? Neither OSHA nor anyone else suggested that this was a "spark ignition" event. The report indicates that this was a COMPRESSION ignition event. Compression ignition does not need spark of any kind to ignite.

My truck does not have spark plugs. It ignites based on compression only. It does not need glow plugs either. In mild climate, I can unplug the glow plug relay and it will still still ignite, day or night. It will just put out more noxious fumes if cold start. If really really cold, then the cylinders will need pre heat. Glow plugs do help pre heat the cylinder... but they do not "spark". An engine block heater would help with the cold start too, because compression ignition is assisted by heat, not by a spark.

Compressing air creates heat. It is indisputable that a reciprocating air compressor of any type, oil or oil-less, 2 stage or single stage, gets hot. The discharge air out of the cylinder head into the tank is the hottest of all. This is the same conduit that is carrying the atomized oil into the tank.



"What I can see as a likely scenario is the tank bursting, the oil THEN atomizing it into the air along with the contents of the tank, finding an external ignition source, and THEN igniting and leaving a residue."

Here again, you are still looking for a spark as the cause of ignition, when it has already been established that compression ignition events do not necessarily require a spark. However, I have read that there still remains a source of spark inside the air compressor cylinder head and hot discharge piping.

That source is carbon deposits from oil blowby that gets cooked and coked onto the surfaces of the head and discharge conduit. Super heated air being squeezed through a small orifice of the discharge line can ignite this carbonic material of excessive carbon deposits like coal embers. Once lit, the heated oil mist stream can fuel and separate these lit embers into the ideally warm and oil misty environment of the air receiver, packed with plenty of compressed oxygen and oil mist fuel for a nice big boom.



It sounds like someone came up with theory, aligned some "facts" and claimed to have found the "smoking gun"

On this point, I will agree that there is some plausibility of this kind of subterfuge happening in a litigious bureaucratic world. Since OSHA had recently inspected and approved the tank just prior to the explosion, the possibility of some CYA reporting admittedly seems probable. This occurred to me also when first reading the report.

So I did some more reading about the topic, like Twoinch suggested you do. That is because the CYA I'm trying to do is my own. If there is a even a possibility that OSHA's report is correct and accurate, I want to heed it.
 

Kracin

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The Flash point of Compressor oil ranges from 482 to 504 deg F.

The Flash point of Diesel is between 100 and 160 deg F -

For an engine, diesel or gas, to have a properly combustible mixture the fuel has to be atomized.... not really happening inside a compressor tank...

So I'm in serious doubt as to the legitimacy of the OSHA investigation...

The compressed air and "combustible" are in a sealed tank and the electric motor and any supposed spark are outside that tank. That can't be the ignition source pre, explosion.

What I can see as a likely scenario is the tank bursting, the oil THEN atomizing it into the air along with the contents of the tank, finding an external ignition source, and THEN igniting and leaving a residue.

It sounds like someone came up with theory, aligned some "facts" and claimed to have found the "smoking gun"

Even IF they used pure diesel as the pump's lubrication, I doubt the fuels would ignite inside the tank from compression. It's marginally possible that in that instance, the diesel could have ignited in the hot pump cylinder and flashed down to the tank via the feed pipe, but I still doubt that...


are you aware that you can ignite oxygen through the rapid recompression of it as it flows into your regulator?

i'm sure its not a common event, but it could possibly happen for a tank to explode due to extreme heat through compression combined with some sort of low flash point accelerant mixed into the air in a mist form. oils and such have a higher flash point than say gas, but when in mist form or atomized form they will ignite much sooner and easier.

same as a pile of metal dust, you probably won't get it to ignite even if you throw a flame right into it. but i've definitely ignited a cloud of metal dust that had just been cleared out of a trough dust tube before, makes a hell of a flash bang for sure.
 

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I hate to bring up an old thread, but I just finished doing the grease gun pressure test myself on a Champion 80 gallon tank, and I have a question. I did my best to fill it completely with water, but there must have been some air in the tank because I had to use basically an entire tube of grease to get it to pressure. Thankfully, I was able to keep the tank at about 290 psi for about half an hour, which I think is sufficient to conclude that it's useable at an operating pressure of about 150 psi.

The problem is with that whole tube of grease. When I emptied the tank, all the grease must have floated to the top. I can stick my finger in the drainage port and feel a whole mess of grease. Does anyone have any suggestions for getting it out?

Thanks,

Sean
 

CNGsaves

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^ ^ ^ This. Water pressure alone at first to get bulk of grease. Then put degreaser like Purple Power in tank to flush out grease residue, again washed out with water.

Rinse and repeat. ;)
 

SSolomon

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It seems like the water is just flowing over/under/around the big blobs of grease that are in there. Wouldn't the degreaser also just flow past? Seems like I'd have to use a ton to get the job done. What about plugging up the drain, putting a couple gallons of water in and dumping in some degreaser? Would the grease just dissolve into the solution and then easily wash out?
 

Heavymetalmechanic

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I had the same issue when I tested mine. Pull all the plugs and use a pressure washer that has a heater and soap function. Get it good and hot so steam is pouring out all the ports. Install all the plugs but 2 on the top, then use the pressure washer to fill it right up. I let it sit for a while, then drained and rinsed with just hot pressurized spray. It dries out really fast when the tank is hot, but I used my shop vac to force air through it to be sure.

Despite the earlier argument regarding oil in the tank, I used a suction blow gun to mist some compressor oil into the tank, then let it all drain out. Some people will pour some paint thinner in, dry it out and coat it with some high temp oil resistant paint to prevent corrosion.
 

FullRaceMerc

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SoCal (SGV)
On a grease gun I have the plunger seal is set up for cartridge grease use. On mine you turn the end of the plunger over to use the grease gun without a cartridge. This may be the problem causing your leakage. You would probably still need the plunger greased up good to hold the water in but you would be pumping water instead of grease.

I realize that this is old, but thank you. I have to pump water thru a zerk on occasion & have had no luck getting the grease gun to do it.
brownbag.gif
It is a pain in the neck without the force of the gun.
 
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