Yes it can be done,but it is against DOT regulations to transport a refilled throw away cylinder.
Propane tanks are very similar to the recovery tanks sold,but you would need to purchase a recovery tank valve to install into your tank and the valve cost almost the price of a new tank. Last new tank I purchased new was about $70 for a 50lb tank.
Pull a vaccum on the tank,put it in the freezer over night and then connect it to your car that you want to recover from. Liquid is more dense so I normally get as much liquid as I can first.
I have done this when recovering on a hot roof in Houston even with a machine,using a ice bath on the cylinder to keep it cool.
You can only refill 80% so that means 40 lbs in a 50,24 in a 30lb cylinder.
You can install a filter drier inline to filter out contaminants. We do this to protect our machines from debris.we can pick up used tanks here for around $20 on Craigslist.
Good luck.