When I said it was often a plenum, I was referring to commercial, which is the world I work/live in. In residential, you have to assess whether it is or isn't. but in commercial, you can pretty much assume it is and be right 95% of the time.
Having worked in two-way radio and coaxial cables, there are lots of installations out there where black-plastic jacketed non-plenum cable has been pulled thru plenum ceilings. Instead of the powder-blue plenum rated $$$$
stuff. Yeah.
Also, I did have to urge a 911 center person to have a FD stop using 120VAC on zip-cord thru the ceiling from the desk radio & siren relay to the HV contactor on the siren. MMM, I didn't relish any idea of being asked if I knew about it, even if I didn't install it.