That's a really neat old brace!
Thanks. I don't collect them, or any old woodworking tools, typically. This one just looked worth grabbing to my untrained eye and it was on a table containing a weird mix of stuff being sold by a meth head, so, cheap, too.
I have to say that the pad does not look like lignum vitae to me, but I'm not sure what it is. I've never seen rosewood or lignum vitae with a check pattern like that. If it were mine, I'd take the pad off (take the 3 screws out, then unscrew the pad), and see what the unfinished wood looks like.
I removed the screws, as you instructed, but it wouldn't budge, and I did not want to use excess force.
Were you reading about it here?
Nope. I just searched "Barber's Improved No. 14" on Google Books and opened the oldest sources.
That also looks suspiciously like theirs Rose patent on the revolving wrist handle.
If you follow the Rose brace link above where your brace appears, you will get to pics that look like yours.
I'm not going to argue, especially because I am out of my element on these tools. Instead, I will explain and then you can tell me where you think I'm right or wrong.
The "sweep handle" (using the terminology I have found in the period catalogs themselves) does look slimmer and trimmer than the sweep handles on the images of the Barber's Improved Braces shown on that Old Tool Heaven site, and much more like the sweep handles on the images of the Rose patent braces on that Old Tool Heaven site, but I found plenty of images of Barber's Improved Braces in period catalogs that look exactly like the sweep handle on the brace I found. Same for the rotating "head". What has me most perplexed by your suggestion is the chuck (collar?), which looks nothing like the chuck on the Rose patent brace. In short, I am not sure why you're bringing the Rose patent brace into this at all, since it doesn't look much like it, and it's marked as a Barber's Improved. EDIT: Disregard. I think I see what you're saying now. They seem to be saying the Rose pattern sweep handle was incorporated. But note that it does NOT revolve. It's pinned.
Here's a catalog cut from 1894 to help me explain further.
I think my example looks more like the tool labeled simply and only "Barber Brace" on the lower right than the tool labeled "Barber's Improved Bit Brace" in the upper left, except for the jaws, and the model numbering, which leads me to think what I have found is perhaps some early form of "Barber's Improved Bit Brace", looking like the Barber's Brace in external form (sweep handle, head, and chuck), but with the Amidon jaws instead of the Barber jaws.
Here's the oldest (1873) catalog reference (Shannon's in Philadelphia) I found that looks - granted, to my untrained eye, exactly like my brace, and it's "Improved."
In summary, even though the image of a Barber's Improved Brace the Tool Heaven site chose appears to be later, with a more bulbous and apparently rotating "sweep handle" and a different rounder-shaped "head", through my own research just poking around through old period catalogs, I think that this (yellow highlight) is precisely what I have found...
But again, I am prepared to be corrected.