Since you witnessed it can you answer any of the following questions?
How old was the operator?
Any known impairments?
Experience level?
Previous experience with the specific saw in question?
What was being attempted?
Blade guard and riving knife in place?
Were push sticks being used?
Featherboard?
Height of blade above workpiece?
Young adult operator, cross cutting an angle on a wide hardwood floor board. New blade. (This turned out to be a good thing for the finger re-attachment.) He was cutting too fast, the blade dug in, kicked the board around and pulled his hand over to the blade. A radial arm saw would have been a better choice for this situation/cut, but the table saw's portability and ability to do the rip cuts placed it on the job that day.
A table saw is not any more dangerous then lots of other tools.
Sure it is. Many hand tools are used in a manner that the business end is pointed away from the operator and there is a motor and bulk between the moving device and the operator. When you take a circular saw, turn it upside down, mount it to a table, and push material in to the device, the hazards are much greater. The same thing goes when you mount a router or other tools upside down to a table.
The OP is talking about a $500 budget, show me a Sawstop saw that he can get for $500.
That's the kicker. The prices are high but so are the risks. Every one of us has used a tool at one time in a less-than-fully-safe manner. (No matter how much we know about using a tool safely.) The odds play out in these situations and this is where the severity of potential injuries comes in to play. Using a power drill, I could cut my self, puncture a testicle, etc. But the cost of those injuries and the impact on my future well being is much less than what could happen if I put my hand to a circular saw blade. So, I will definitely look at investing more money in a safer table saw vs. a safer power drill.
I CAN'T agree with you on this. Have you seen what they do to the saw and blade after the "incident"? Next thing you know the government will outlaw all saws of any kind.
Ummm. If the saw stop mechanism activates, the operator has bigger issues than a destroyed blade. BTW - The saw is fine and is supposed to only damage the blade and brake. The manufacturer claims that these components are less expensive than hand surgery and long term disability.
The OP indicates that the saw won't be used much. For a reasonable fee, you can rent a pretty good portable saw from a tool rental place/Home Depot and take a good while to get up to a $500 level. I just rented one from Home Depot to rip some lumber and it was great. (I just won't make a permanent personal investment in one until I can afford the SawStop.)