So, if you were buying a new printer today, say $500ish. Hobby use.
What would you buy?
I think that's a hard question as it might depend on some factors. At that price point it's kind of a question about what compromises you are ok with. Happily, at that price point it's not like the compromised option is ****.
A few things to consider.
How big is the build volume? For what ever reason 220x220 has been the default build size. It's the one used by printers like the Ender 3 family and many prints on line will be scaled to fit on that size print bed. Bambu uses a slightly larger 256x256. The extra size may help in some cases and certainly isn't going to hurt as the machines are about the same size as the 220 machines (which typically have a 235x235mm plate. The next step up are the 300x300mm printers. More print area but physically larger. However, if size isn't a problem they seem to have few/no compromises vs the smaller sizes. Larger than that and you need to decide if they are appropriate for small prints or if the small prints are compromised by the larger build area.
Bed slinger vs Core XY. Slingers are generally cheaper but can still be fast and produce good prints. However, as the print gets larger you can have issues with parts deforming/failing because you are moving the part a lot as you print it. Bed slingers are almost always open vs enclosed. Core XY come in both open and closed. They move the print head in x and y while the part is moved vertically and rather slowly. Many Core XY printers are enclosed because it's relatively easy to add the enclosure. Some base models aren't but are otherwise similar to an enclosed model and in some cases enclosure kits are available. However, if you need an enclosed, get a factory one from the start (see below)
Enclosures are good for two reasons. First they help keep heat in when printing filaments that are heat sensitive (most stuff that isn't PLA). Second they can help control the fumes that may be released by filaments that aren't PLA. A factory enclosed printer is more likely to have air filtration and may have some type of active chamber temp control. Otherwise chamber heart comes from trapping the heat from the print bed.
Finally there is the multi material question. Bambu was first, others have it now as well. Even if you don't want to print in multicolor it can be good for things like auto switching rolls when you run out of filament and using a second material as a support.
So at $500 you can have 300x300 or enclosed or multi material or CoreXY or cash in your pocket. You might get more than one but you won't get all of them. If you are willing to brave used you might get more of them.
Personally, I've been very happy with my Adventure 5M. For about $60 you can print/buy an encloser kit which makes it decent for more advanced filaments. It's as fast as any of the prints under $500. However, at 220^3 it's one of the smallest build areas (if only because most printers do a bit more than 220 tall). With the encloser this printer can do more engineering filaments. The 5M Pro is factory enclosed with air filtration and chamber temp control. The 5X is multicolor but I haven't seen reviews yet. All support printing from USB or via the network through Orca Slicer.
The Bambu A1 + multi material unit is fast, prints nicely and has a solid color charger. The down side would be concernes regarding locked down software and being an open bed slinger. Still, might be the best option for PLA so long as you didn't mind the size (MMU sits next to the printer) and locked software.
I'm not sure if you can get a Creality K1 Max for your budget. They had a rocky start but seem sorted now. As for table space the K1p takes up basically no more space vs the BL A1 but it's a 300x300 enclosed Core XY printer. It's a great unit is single color is ok.
Not sure about Elegoo or Anycubic. They might be good but I would check some reviews.
[Made edits, corrected some swypeos]