Atkin & Sons Hollow and Round half set
The best way I know to prep for surgery is to spend zen quality time with old tools--specifically handplanes. I had to move six boxes to dig this big one out and it is pretty heavy.
There is a real treasure within.
It contains an Atkin & Sons H&R half set along with some random H&R spares.
They are 18 planes in the set and they are evenly numbered graduated pairs from #2 to #18. Here is the #2 round pictured along with the #18 round--little dude and big dude.
This is a very special set because the blades are both skewed and high pitched. The pitch is 55 degrees, often referred to as "Middle" pitch. More on that later.
The skew is slight.
But these planes make amazing shavings. I saved some from my last project--cherry moulding.
They are all stamped with this logo.
One of the spare planes has an older logo with the Benefactum horseshoe.
Here are class photos of the set.
The blades look like laminated steel.
You can see a slight angle for the skew. Notice the higher shoulder on the right hand side.
And the wedge is skewed.
Here is some backstory on H&R planes. In the days of yore before electric routers and shapers, ww had to gnaw their mouldings using handplanes. Sometime around the 17th century, someone put together a set of planes specifically for decorative mouldings. These planes were made in matched pairs where each one cut an arc. The round cuts an arc trough and the hollow cuts an arc roundover. These pairs of planes are graduated to make a set. Each maker designed his own set but European and American planemakers used the same naming convention. Thus, the set starts with #1 and ends with #18. But a #2 plane from one maker would not necessarily be the same size as a #2 plane from another maker. This is the issue with H&R sets that are gathered from different makers. The planes pairs may not match each other and the set may be graduated with irregular sizes.
Full sets of 36 planes were very expensive, so the makers cut them in half. Most of the sets found are half sets, which are made of even or odd numbered pairs. A set with #2 -- #18 is the most common half set found. A full set might be required for exacting work, but a half set will create nice mouldings.
Remember in days of yore, there were builder carpenters and cabinetmakers. Each did specialized work and each required a different set of H&R planes. Most builder carpenters made mouldings for houses using soft woods like poplar. These mouldings were stained or painted. High end builders used hardwoods for mouldings. Woods like mahogany, walnut, and cherry were used by these high end carpenters as well as by cabinetmakers. These ww demanded different tools. Where the softwood carpenters were happy with normally pitched planes, the hardwood ww demanded higher pitched planes to work more difficult wood.
Plane blade pitch notes
Normal plane pitch is 45 degrees and is often called common pitch. But hardwood planes can be 50, 55, or even higher. Here is the chart:
45 Common pitch
50 York pitch
55 Middle pitch
60 Half pitch
As pitch increases, the chance for tear out decreases but the plane gets harder to push. Extreme angles make the plane work more as a scraper than a handplane.
In addition to the high pitch, these planes are also skewed. That is a nice feature to have although it increases the cost considerably. While making long mouldings, it can be hard to keep the plane going in a straight line. Sometimes it helps to have a batten for the plane to ride against. A slight skew in the blade will force the plane toward the high side of the blade. In this case, these planes have a tendency to track left. That is convenient because they eject shavings on the right. A batten on the left means that the plane will ride the batten and make a straight cut.
That is a lot of info to digest on H&R planes. I will let it soak in with you, the gentle reader. Maybe while the doc is cutting on my scalp today, he will unlock more ww lore regarding H&Rs.
to be continued...